名词单复数代词 形容词比较级最高级_

2024年2月8日发(作者：猎豹官网首页)

Oct 21st ,2012 1st

1名词

名词复数变化

一、可数名词与不可数名词的区别

普通名词所表示的人或事物是可以按个数计算的，这类名词叫可数名词。可数名词分为个体名词（表示某类人或事物中的个体，如worker, farmer, desk, factory等）和集体名词（表示作为一个整体来看的一群人或一些事物，如people, family 等）。如果普通名词所表示的事物是不能按个数来计算的，这类名词就叫不可数名词。不可数名词分为物质名词（表示无法分为个体的物质，如meat, rice, water, milk,

orange 等）和抽象名词（表示动作、状态、情况、品质等抽象概念，如work, homework, time,

health, friendship等）。

名词复数的规则变化

1) 一般情况加 –s：map-maps boy-boys girl-girls pen-pens bag-bags car-cars

2) 以s, sh, ch, x结尾加 –es, 例如：bus-buses watch-watches box-boxes brush-brushes

3) 以辅音字母+y结尾,变y 为i再加es

baby---babies city-cities country-countries

特例：monkey---monkeys holiday---holidays toy—toys boy—boys day--days

4) 以o结尾的名词，变复数时：

①加es, tomatoes potatoes

②加s, photos pianos radios

5）） 以f或fe 结尾的名词变复数时：

a. 加s，如： belief---beliefs roof---roofs safe---safes gulf---gulfs；

b. 去f或e 加ves，如：half---halves knife---knives leaf---leaves wolf---wolves

wife---wives life---lives thief---thieves；

特例：handkerchief: handkerchiefs / handkerchieves。

名词复数的不规则变化

1）

child---children foot---feet tooth---teeth man---men woman---women mouse---mice

2） 单复数同形，如deer，sheep，fish，Chinese（中国人），Japanese（日本人）people

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不可数名词

不可数名词是指不能以数目来计算，不可以分成个体的概念、状态、品质、感情或表示物质材料的东西；它一般没有复数形式，只有单数形式，它的前面不能用不定冠词a / an。

常用不可数名词

具体名词： baggage 行李 bread 面包 beer

啤酒 cloth 布 coffee 咖啡 cream 奶油

dust 尘土 furniture 家具 glass 玻璃

gold 黄金 hair 头发 ice 冰 jam 果酱

juice 饮料 luggage 行李 money 金钱

oil 油 paper 纸 soap 肥皂 steak 牛排

stone 石头 tea 茶 water 水 weather 天气

wind 风 wine 葡萄酒 wood 木头

advice 忠告／主意

抽象名词：work 工作 beauty 美丽，漂亮

damage 损害 death 死亡 experience 经验

help 帮助 hope 希望 horror 恐惧

information 消息／信息 knowledge 知识

courage 勇气 news新闻

一、请写出下列词的复数形式,没有复数形式的请划出 /

city _____ _zoo ______country _____

tooth ____ mouse ____

boy___________ broom ___________ car

tree _____horse _____

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ststbus___________

fox _____ branch _____ baby

_____ family _____ country _____

A. American, Japanese B Americans, Japanese

C. American, Janpaneses

A . woman teachers B. women teachers

C. women teacher D. woman teacher

radio _____ photo _____ piano

_____ knife _____ leaf _____

life _____ thief _____ _ man

_____ woman _ _____ child ___

foot this _____________

watch___________ people

day____________ book__________ dress____________ sheep___________tea_____________

box___________ strawberry_________ yo-yo___________ peach_________

sandwich_________

paper_________ juice__________water____________ milk___________ rice__________ CD ox___________ deer____________

fish_______________ diary____________

二、单项选择

( )1. The __ in our yard are very beautiful.

A. cloth B. water C. flowers

( )2. Tom is one of the Chinese _____ in our

school.

A. boy B. boys C. boies

( )3. A cat has four ____ , doesn\'t it?

A. foots B. feet C. feets

( )4. There are three ____ and five _____ in

the room.

( )5. Can you see nine ____ in the picture?

A. fish B. book C. horse

( )6. The _____ has two______.

A. boy; watch B. boy; watches C. boys;

watch

( )7. The _____ are flying back to their

country.

A. Germany B. Germanys C. Germans

( )8. The girl brushes her _____ every day

before he goes to bed.

A. tooths B. teeth C. teeths

( )9.I saw many _____ in the street.

Apeoples ’s

( ) green sweater is his _________.

r rs r’s

三、选择填空

( )1. They come from different ______

A. country B. countries C. a

country D. countrys

( )2. How many ______ do you see in the

picture?

A. tomatos B. tomatoes C. tomato

D. the tomato

( )3. They are______.

2

( )4. Would you like _______ ,please?

A. two glass of water B. two glasses of water

C. two glass of watersD. two glasses of waters

( )6. There are some ______ in these

_______.

A. knifes pencil-boxesB. knives pencils-box

C. knives pencil-boxD. knives pencils-boxes

( )7. ______ like ______ by air.

A. Greens, travelling B. The Green, traveling

C. The Greens, travel D. The Greens, traveling

( )8. I wonder why ______ are interested in

action films(武打片).

A. the people B. people C. peoples

D. the peoples

( )9. There is no ______ in the plate.

A. apples B. oranges C. rice D. eggs

( ) uncle has three _______.

en ens

四.填入所给名词的正确形式

1. I have two____________ (knife)

2. There are many ___________ here. (box)

3. There are many ___________ on the road.

(bus)

4. A few ___________ are drawing on the wall.

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(boy)

5. The ______________ are playing football

now. (child)

6. Please take two _______________ for me.

(photo)

7. I like the red ________________.(tomato)

8. Would you please clean your _____________

now? (tooth)

9. Do you want some ___________? (milk)

10. There are ten ___________________in our

school. (woman teacher)

五、名词可数不可数―六注意‖

1、可数名词前可用具体的数词来表示具体的数量。如：two apples, four books等。不可数名词前通常用\"单位词+of\"来表示数量。如： a piece

of paper, three pieces of paper等。

2、可数名词作主语时，谓语动词的单复数与主语的单复数保持一致。如：

This picture is very beautiful. 这幅画很美。

不可数名词作主语时，谓语动词要用单数形式，但是不可数名词前有复数\"单位词\"时，

谓语动词要用复数形式。如：

There are two cups of tea on the table. 桌上有两杯茶。

3、对可数名词前的修饰语提问用how

many; 对不可数名词前的修饰语提问用how

much。 如：

How many apples are there in the box?盒子里有多少个苹果？

How much tea is there in the cup?杯里有多少茶水？

注意：对不可数名词前的\"单位词\"的修饰语提问时，疑问词用how many。 如：

How many pieces of bread are there on the

plate?盘子里有多少片面包？

量词

a piece of 一块 一张 一片

a loaf of 一个

a bar of 一条

a bottle of 一瓶

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a pound of 一磅

a tin of 一听

a quarter of 四分之一

2代词

请在此处画上代词表：

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stst

或表语，它后面再不接名词。它们的关系为： D .her ;herself ;hers

名词性物主代词=形容词性物主代词+名( )7 .Can I borrow pencil ?

1 .人称代词：主格、宾格（动前主格、动后宾，be前主格介后宾）

2 .物主代词：形代、名代

3 .反身代词：。。。自己

4 .指示代词：单数（this / that）和复数（these

/ those）

5 .疑问代词：what, who, whose, whom,

which, when。（疑问副词when, where,

how, why）

6 .不定代词some（something，somebody，someone），any（anything，anybody，anyone）， no（nothing，nobody，no one），

every（everything，everybody，everyone，），all，each，both，much，many，（a）little，（a）few，other（s），another，none，one，either， neither等。一般来讲，修饰不定代词的词要置于其后。

形容词性物主代词只能作定语，后面要接名词。而名词性物主代词在句中作主语、宾语

词。

Ⅰ .单项选择(选自各地中考题)

( )1 .I met Kate on way home

yesterday .(北京海淀区)

A .my B .me C .his D .him

( )2 .This is ruler .(北京西城区)

A .my B .mine C .I

D .me

( )3 .A : pencil-box is

this ,Patrick ?

B :It’s .(上海)

A .Whose ;mine B .Who’s ;mine C .Whose ;my D .Who’s ;my

( )4 .Kate and her sister went on holiday

with a classmate of .(黑龙江)

A .her B .hers

C .their D .theirs

( )5.—Is this dictionary

or ?

—It’s mine .(内蒙古)

A .your ;hers B .yours ;her

C .your ;her D .yours ;hers

( )6 .The pen is .She wrote

name with it .(甘肃)

A .hers ;her ;herself

B .her ;hers ;her

C .her ;hers ;herself

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is broken .(河北)

A .you ;My B .your ;Me

C .your ;Mine D .your ;My

( )8 .These are cups . are

over there .(河南)

A .our ;Yours B .yours ;Mine

C .his ;Our D .their ;Your

( )9 . schoolbag is much better

than .(山西)

A .Her ;me B .Hers ;my

C .Hers ;mine D .Her ;mine

( )10 .—Oh ,there is someone in the

room .

— must be my mother .(安徽)

A .There B .She C .This

D .It

( )11 .—Which of these two sweaters will

you take ?

—I’ll take .They look

nearly the same ,and I just need one .(江西)

A .both B .either

C .none D .all

( )12 .—Which of your parents is a

doctor ?

— are .(天津)

A .Any B .Either

C .Both D .Neither

( )13 .He has two basketballs .One is new ,

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ststis old .(北京海淀区) —No .Jack and Tom have gone to

A .the other B .other C .the the library .(湖北黄冈)

others D .others A .anybody B .nobody

( )14 .He has two sisters .One is a doctor , C .everybody D .all

is a teacher .(内蒙古)

A .another B .the other

C .other D .others

( )15 .I have two sons ,but of

them lives with me .(河北)

A .all B .both

C .neither D .few

( )16 .I have bought a new watch because

my old doesn’t work .(重庆)

A .it B .one C .that

D .this

( )17 .—Can you speak Russian ?

—Yes ,but only .(厦门)

A .little B .a little C .few

D .a few

( )18 .—What would you like to have ,tea

or milk ?

— .I’d like to have a glass

of water .(杭州)

A .Each B .Neither

C .Either D .Both

( )19 .My car was broken and I didn’t

know to do .(杭州)

A .what B .which

C .when D .how

( )20 .—Is here ?

【综合能力训练】

Ⅱ .按括号中提示意思完成下列句子。

1 .They are (我的) flowers .Please

give (它们) to (我) .

2 .Is this map (你的) ?No ,it’s

(他的) .That one is (我的) .

3 .I can hear (一些，什么) ,but I

can’t see (一些，什么) .

4 .He says to (自己) ,―I can’t do it by

(自己)‖ .

5 . (都) of us are students , (都)

of the twins are workers .

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3形容词和副词的比较级和最高级

一、形容词、副词的比较级和最高级的构成规则

1．一般单音节词和少数以-er，-ow结尾的双音节词，比较级在后面加-er，最高级在后面加-est；

（1）单音节词

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如：small→smaller→smallest

short→shorter→shortest

tall→taller→tallest

great→greater→greatest

（2）双音节词

如：clever→cleverer→cleverest

narrow→narrower→narrowest

2．以不发音e结尾的单音节词，比较在原级后加-r，最高级在原级后加-st；

如：large→larger→largest

nice→nicer→nicest

able→abler→ablest

3．在重读闭音节（即：辅音＋元音＋辅音）中，先双写末尾的辅音字母，比较级加-er，最高级加-est；

如：big→bigger→biggest

hot→hotter→hottest fat→fatter→fattest

4．以“辅音字母＋y”结尾的双音节词， 把y改为i，比较级加-er，最高级加-est；

如：easy→easier→easiest

heavy→heavier→heaviest

busy→busier→busiest

happy→happier→happiest

5．其他双音节词和多音节词，比较级在前面加more，最高级在前面加most；

如：beautiful→more beautiful→most

beautiful

different→more different→most different

easily→more easily→most easily

注意：（1）形容词最高级前通常必须用定冠词 the，副词最高级前可不用。

例句： The Sahara is the biggest desert in the

world.

（2） 形容词most前面没有the，不表示最高级的含义，只表示\"非常\"。

It is a most important problem.

=It is a very important problem.

6．有少数形容词、副词的比较级和最高级是不规则的，必须熟记。

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如：good→better→best well→better→best

bad→worse→worst ill→worse→worst

old→older/elder→oldest/eldest

many/much→more→most

little→less→least

far →further/farther→ furthest/farthest

二、形容词、副词的比较级和最高级的用法

1．“A + be +形容词比较级 + than + B” 意思为“A比B更……”。

如：This tree is taller than that one. 这棵树比那棵树高。

注意：

① 在含有连词than的比较级中，前后的比较对象必须是同一范畴，即同类事物之间的比较。

②在比较级前面使用much，表示程度程度―强得多‖。

如：A watermelon is much bigger than an

apple.

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③ very, quite一般只能修饰原级，不能修饰比较级。

2．“比较级 + and + 比较级”或“more and

more +原级”表示“越来越……”

如：It becomes warmer and warmer when

spring comes.

春天来了，天气变得越来越暖和了。

It is getting cooler and cooler.

天气越来越凉爽。

The wind became more and more heavily.

风变得越来越大。

Our school is becoming more and more

beautiful.

我们的学校变得越来越美丽。

3．在含有or的选择疑问句中，如果有两者供选择，前面的形容词要用比较级形式。

如：Who is taller,Tim or Tom? 谁更高，Tim还是Tom?

4. “the +比较级……, the+比较级”，表示“越……越……”。

The more money you make, the more you

spend.

钱你赚得越多，花得越多。

The sooner，the better.

越快越好。

5. 表示倍数的比较级用法：

①. A is …times the size /height/length/width

of B.

如：The new building is three times the

height of the old one.

这座新楼比那座旧楼高三倍。(新楼是旧楼的四倍高)

②. A is …times as big /high/long/wide/large

as B.

如：Asia is four times as large as Europe.

亚洲是欧洲的四倍大。(亚洲比欧洲大三倍)

③. A is …times larger /higher/longer/wider

than B.

如：Our school is twice bigger than yours.

我们学校比你们学校大两倍。

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6.形容词、副词的最高级形式主要用来表示三者或三者以上人或事物的比较，表示“最……”的意思。

句子中有表示范围的词或短语。如：of the

three, in our class等等。

如：He is the tallest in our class.

他在我们班里是最高的。

1. Which does Jimmy like _____ , Chinese or

Art?

A. well B. best C. better D. much

2. The Changjiang River is one of _____ in the

world.

A. the longest river B. longest rivers C. the

longest rivers D. longer rivers

3. _____ of the two women is Mrs Brown.

A. The beautiful B. The more beautiful C.

More beautiful D. The most beautiful

4. My mooncake is nicer _____ his.

A. like B. with C. for D. than

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5. You are fatter than _____ .

A. he B. his C. him D. he is tall

6. He jumps _____ of the three.

A. far B. further C. farthest D. furthest

7. My hair is longer than _____ .

A. my sister B. Kate C. my brother’s D.

Lucys’

8. There are _____ paper here .Please bring some.

A. little B. less C. fewer D. a little

9. The pen is _____ than that one.

A. more cheap B. cheap C. much cheaper D.

quite cheaper

speaks Chinese _____ better than

Jimmy.

A. more B. very C. a lot of D. much

are _____ girls in Class Two than in

Class Four.

A. more B. nicest C. most D. best

’s too _____ for you to do that.

A. easy B. more dangerous C. harder D. the

easiest

has _____ apples now, Jim, Lily or Lucy?

A. much B. biggest C. better D. the most

have more rulers than me. But _____ are

nicer than _____ .

A. mine, yours B. mine, your C. my, yours D. my,

your

ng is _____ than Meimei, but Meimei

is _____ than Tingting.

A. all, stronger B. taller, strongest C. tallest,

strong D. taller, stronger

is _____ in my family.

A. busy B. busier C. the busiest D. more busy

are _____ in the park on Sunday.

A. more children B. a lot of people C. much

men and women D. many peoples

18.-This blue sweater is too big for me .-Will you

please show me a _____ one?

A. small B. smaller C. the smallest D.

smallest

one is _____ Mary in the class.

A. so tallest as B. as taller as C. so high as D. so

tall as

20. This bike is _____ than that one.

A. twenty yuan dear B. twenty yuan dearer C.

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dear twenty yuan D. dearer twenty yuan

二、用所给词的适当形式填空

classroom is _____ (wide) and

_____ (bright) than ours.

are _____ (few) hours of sunlight a day

in winter than in summer.

do you like _____ (well) , maths or

chemistry?

is the _____ (good) film I have ever

seen.

is the second _____ (large) continent.

he said made his mother much _____

(angry) .

7.I’m not as _____ (careful) as he.

’ve got as _____ (many) books as we

need.

e as _____ (much) as you can.

have done _____ (much) work

with _____ (little) money.

’re the _____ (kind) person I’ve ever

Oct 21st ,2012 1st

met.

is _____ (young) than his two sisters.

_____ (old) I get, the _____

(strong) I seem to feel.

weather is getting _____ (warm)

and _____ (warm) .

is _____ (hot) season of the year.

C-E

1我比他年轻。

2苏珊比提姆聪明.

3周末比平时好。

4我是全班跑得最快的。

5西瓜比苹果大。

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