2024年1月11日发(作者:纳智捷多少钱一辆)
全新版大学英语2Unit1词汇、短语、语言难点
-CAL-FENGHAI.-(YICAI)-Company One1
重点词汇、短语和难句
I.核心词汇
1. attach
用法:v.(1)附上,系上,贴上:He will attach labels to the luggage.他将把标签贴在行李上。
(2)参加,加入:The daughter of millionaire attach herself to an expedition team and later
lost her life in a snowstorm near the North Pole.百万富翁的女儿加入了探险队,后来在北极附近的一次风暴中遇难身亡。
He made a model of an aeroplane.他做了一个飞机
(3)爱慕,依恋:She was strongly attach to her home. 她非常恋家。
考点: attach sth. To sth. 将…系在,贴在…上
attach oneself to 参加,加入
be attached to 依恋,爱慕
典型考题:He _______his horse to a tree.
A. attach B. related C. combined D. placed
答案为A。译文:他将马拴在树上。
attach 系,拴; relate 把…和…连接在一起,通常与with连用; combine 结合; place 放置。
记忆法:attachable 可附上的,可拘留的 ;attachment 附上,贴上,参加,爱慕
引申:(同)adhere, cling, stick
辨析:attach, adhere, cling, stick 都有“ 粘贴 ”的含义
attach 系上,贴上,常用于结构 attach sth. to sth. 中,主语为人,强调动作:They attach
great importance to the friendship between the two countries. 他们重视两国的友谊。
adhere 指使粘附,(使)附着 作vi时,主语为附着物,强调一物附着另一物表面上的状态,常后接介词 to引出被附着物: If you decided on a play to win the game, you should
adhere to it. 如果你赢球的计划有了定案,就该依计划行事。作Vt时, 可用于被动语态: The surface of the building is being adhered many dirty things. 这幢搂的表面附着很多脏东西。
cling 指紧贴,附着 主语为附着物,强调状态,后接介词 to引出被附着物: Little children always
cling to their mothers. 小孩总是紧依着母亲。
stick 指(使)原本分离的物体紧密体“粘贴”在一起,常后接介词 to或 on : The paper has stuck on
my hand. 纸粘在我手上。
2. tender
用法:a.(1) 年幼的,嫩的:a tender steak 嫩牛排
(2)温柔的,亲切的:There is a tender expression on her face. 她脸上带着温柔的表情。
Vt. (正式)提出:He tendered a letter of resignation. 他正式提交了辞职信。
vi. (与for连用) 投标: Many companies tendered for the construction of the new motorway. 很多家公司投标承建这条新的高速公路。
考点: at a tended age:年幼而未成熟的
Tender sth. to sb:向某人正式提供或提出某事
Public tender:公开招标
典型考题:She cooked the meat for a long time so as to make it _______ enough to eat.
A. mild B. slight C. light D. tender
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答案为D。译文:她把肉炖了好长时间以便吃起来更嫩。
mild温和的;slight稍微;light轻的;tender嫩的。
记忆法:tenderly ad. 温和地,体贴地;tenderness n.嫩的,柔和
引申:(同)gentle mild
3.initial
用法: a. 开始的,最初的:They are still at the initial stage of learning English. 他们还处在英语学习的初级阶段。
n.(姓名等的)首字母:Steven Jane’s initials are S.L. Steven lane这个名字的首字母是S.L
考点: (1)initial 只能作定语,不能作表语。
(2)initial letter首字母;initial reaction 最初反应
典型考题:Encouraged by what you said, I decided to take the _______ step toward my ideal.
A. last B. special C. primary D. initial
答案为D。译文:你的话鼓励了我,我决定向理想迈出第一步。
last最后的;special 特殊的;primary基本的,初级的;initial开始的。
记忆法:initially最初,开头;initiate开始(某事),发起;initiative首创精神;initiation开始着手。
用法: v. 帮助,协助: Two men are assisting the police in their enquries . 有两个人正在协助警方进行询问。. n. 帮助,协助:They gave me an assist in finishing the task. 他们帮助我完成这项任务。
考点: assist sb. in/ with sth.; assist sb. in doing sth. 帮助某人做某事 assist at/in 在某场合出席,参加某事物
典型考题:The college student decided to _______ the boy with his study.
A. realize B. assist C. support D. decide
答案为B。译文:这个大学生决定在学习上帮助这个男孩。
realize 实现; assist 帮助;support 支持;decide 决定。
记忆法: assistance n. 帮助; assistant n. 助手; consist vt. 包括; resist vt. 抵抗; insist vt. 坚持。
引申:(同) aid, help
辨析: aid, help, assist
三个词都可做动词或名词,意思都指帮助,但使用场合不同。
aid 援助,尤指用金钱援助: It is the duty of rich nations to aid the poor ones. 援助贫困的国家是富国的义务。
help 侧重表示借助于别人的帮助:The life guard helped the exhausted swimmer. 救生员救助了这个筋疲力尽的游泳者。
assist 协助,指别人在陷入麻烦时给予帮助: She employed a woman to assist her with the
housework.她雇了一名妇女帮她料理家务。
5. neglect
用法: vt. (1) 忽视,忽略: he neglected his health. 他忽略了自己的健康。
(2)疏忽,玩忽: Don’t neglect your duties. 不要玩忽职守。
n. 疏忽,玩忽:In course of time old customs and observances tend to fall into neglect. 随着时间的推移,旧风俗习惯有被忽略的趋势。
考点: neglect to do sth. 忘记做某事; neglect one’s meals and sleep 废寝忘食; treat sb. with neglect 怠慢某人
典型考题:The general manager was accused of ______ his duties.
A. abandoning B. forgetting C. neglecting D. discarding
答案为C. 译文:总经理被指控犯有玩忽职守罪。
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abandoning抛弃,离弃;forgetting 忘记,遗忘;discarding 把…扔掉;neglecting 玩忽职守
记忆法:neglectful疏忽,粗心大意;neglectable 可忽略不计的,微不足道的
引申: (同)disregard , ignore, overlook, slight
辨析:ignore, neglect, overlook, slight 都有 “忽视,不理”的意思。
ignore指故意不理或假装看不见:When I saw Jane, I stopped and smiled, but she ignored me and
walked on. 当我看到简时,我停下并朝他笑,但她没理我继续走她的路。
neglect指由于重视不够等原因而忽视了: He works so hard that he sometimes neglects his sleep and
meals. 他工作很努力以至于有时废寝忘食。
overlook 指由于粗心,放任而没看出或采取行动:He overlooked my errors. 他忽视了我的错误。
slight 强调轻蔑,怠慢:He seems to slight the news writer. 他好像是怠慢了这个新闻撰稿人。
6.relevant
用法:a.有关的,切题的:The point is highly relevant to the discussion. 那一点我和这次讨论的内容密切相关。
考点:relevant to sth./sb. 与…有关的,切题的
典型考题:The professor has given the students a list of articles _______ to the topic under discussion.
A. relevant B .evident C .sufficient D. different
答案为A。译文:教授已经给了学生们与讨论主题相关的文章名单。
relevant相关的,与to 搭配;evident明显的;sufficient充足的;different不同的。
记忆法:relevant 相关;irrelevant不相关的;irrelevance无关;
引申:(同)related, relative, (反)irrelevant
辨析:related, relative, relevant 都有“相关的”的意思
related指有相互关系的,与…有关联的,常与to连用:She is related to the royal family.她与王室有亲戚关系。
relative 指相关的,表关系的:After his troubles, he’s now living in relative comfort. 困境过后,他现在过得比较舒服了。
relevant指相关的,表示与手头的事情或目前的状况有直接关系,尤指逻辑上有关系:The
scientist corresponds with colleagues in order to learn about matters relevant to her own
research. 那个科学家和同 事们相互通信以了解和她自己的研究有关的事。
7.investigate
用法:v. 调查,探究: The police are investigating the murder at the moment. 警察此刻正在调查这起谋杀案。
考点:investigate (into) an affaire 调查一件事
典型考题:Sherlock Holmes _______ many cases by following the footprints left at the scene of the crime.
A. inspect B. check C .investigate D. examine
答案为C。译文:福尔摩斯通过罪犯现场留下的脚印调查过许多案件。
inspect检查,视察;check核对,查证;investigate调查;examine审查。
记忆法:investigation n. 调查
引申:(同)inspect, check, examine
辨析:inspect, check, examine, investigate都有“检查,调查”的意思。
inspect 指检查,视察,强调官方行为和详查,重在监督:The school was once inspected by the king.国王曾视察过这所学校。
check指检查,核对,查证,侧重核对:listen again and check your answers.再听一遍,然后检查答案。 examine 指检查,审查,带有严肃和正规的意味: The quality of the Tv sets has been
examined strictly before leaving the factory. 电视机在出厂前都进行了严格的质量检查。
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investigate指调查,指全面地探索和有组织的检查: The cause of the fire is being investigated. 这次起火的原因正在调查之中。
8. accomplish
用法:vt.完成某事:You should accomplish the task within the allotted time.你们必须在规定的时间内完成任务。
考点:accomplish one’s aim 达到目标; accomplish one’s mission 完成使命 ;an accomplished fact既成事实
典型考题:If you work hard, I think you can ____ your goal by getting the first-class scholarship by the end of
the term.
A .arrive B. maintain C .try D. accomplish
答案为D. 译文:如果你努力学习,我认为期末你能实现拿一等奖学金的目标。
arrive 到达; maintain 支持,维持; try 尝试;accomplish 达到
记忆法:accomplishment n. 完成; accomplished 有技巧的
引申:(同)achieve, fulfill, complete, finish
辨析:accomplish, complete, finish都有“完成”的意思
accomplish 完成,通常接task, aim, journey, voyage等名词,有时兼有达成(效果)之意 : The
explorers accomplished the voyage in five weeks。探险队在五周内完成了航程。
complete 完成,比 accomplish 具体,可接建筑、工程、书籍等名词,主要涵义是补足缺少的部分:The building will be completed by the end of this month.这座搂于本月底建成。
finish在很多情况下可与complete 换用,但不及 complete正式;I have finished the book.我已读完了这本书。
9. critical
用法:a. (1)紧要的,关键的:We are at a critical time in our history. 我们处于历史上的关键时期。
critical condition 危险状态,临界状态
(2)批判的,批评性的:critical spirit 批评精神;critical writings on art关于艺术的评论性文章。
(3)挑剔的,非难的:She looks on everything with a critical eyes.她以吹毛求疵的眼光去看每一样事物。
考点:be critical about对…爱挑剔
典型考题: She is very____ about her clothes since she a very famous model.
A. worried B. critical C. anxious D. careful
答案为B。译文:因为她是名模,所以她对衣着很挑剔。
worried担心;critical挑剔的;anxious着急的;careful小心的
记忆法:critic n.批评家,评论家;criticize v.批评,责备;criticism n.批评
pal
用法:a.主要的,首要的:the principal rivers of a country一个国家的主要河流
n.首长,校长:The principal spoke with disapproval of your words and actions.校长谈到你的言行时很不赞成。
典型考题:wheat is among the ____ exports of the United States.
A. principal B. principle C. official D. probable
答案为A。译文:小麦是美国主要的出口产品之一。
principal主要的 principle原则 official官方的 probable可能的
记忆法:principality n.公国,候国;principal ship n.首要地位;principle n.原则
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11. extreme
用法:a.极端的,尽头的:extreme heat极热;extreme opinions偏激观点; He lived at the extreme edge of
the forest.他住在森林的最边上。
n.极端:Sometimes he eats too much and sometimes nothing , he goes from one extreme to the other.他有时吃得太多,有时不吃,从一个极端走到另一个极端。
考点:go to extremes走极端;in the extreme极,非常
典型考题:Henry’s political views were ____ for his time.
A. radical B. drastic C. extreme D. extract
答案为C.译文:亨利的政治观点就其时代而言是极端的。
radical激进的;drastic激烈的;extreme极端的;extract拔出,抽出
记忆法:extremely极端地
12. insert
用法:vt. 插入, 嵌入:insert a letter into an envelope 将信塞入信封
insert advertisement in a newspaper 将广告刊登在报上
insert an illustration into a text. 在文章中插入一幅插图
n. 插入物:pipe - insert with rainer带灌喷器的水管套座
13. performance
用法:n.(1)表现,行为:His bad performance in school finally led to his dropout.他在学校的恶劣表现最终导致他辍学。
(2)演出,表演:The theater gives two performances a day.这座剧院一天演出两场。
(3)执行,履行:faithful in the performance of his duties 终于他的职守
记忆法:perform v.表现,表演
14. apply
用法: vt. 申请, 应用:apply a theory to practice 把理论应用于实践
apply one thing upon another 将一件东西放在另一件之上
vi.申请, 适用letter in which someone apply for a job or apply for share in a new company 某人申请获得工作的信或购买新公司股票进行的申请
apply for police protection 要求警察保护
apply for a driving license 申请[领取]驾驶执照
apply oneself to 专心从事,埋头于…
15. continual
用法: a.不断的,连续的:The dog’s continual barking nearby made people in the whole neighborhood
sleepless.附近不断的狗叫声搅得整个街坊的人无法入睡。
考点:辨析continual和continuous
典型考题:The brain needs a ____ supply of blood.
A. continual B. continuous C. occasional D. long
答案为A. 译文:大脑需要不间断的供应。
continual不断的,有停顿;continuous不断的,无停顿occasional;偶尔的;long长的。
引申:(同)continual, continuous
辨析:continual, continuous都有“连续不断”的意思。
continual指一段时间内多次发生,时断时续:Continual practice is necessary to master English.要掌握英语必须经常不断地练习。
continuous指连续不断的:a continuous voyage连续不断的航行。
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16. contrast
用法:v.对比,对照:Sally contrasted the situation with the present crisis.莎丽将局势与目前的危机作了对比。
n.对比,对照:In contrast to the hot day in July, the nights in September are rather cool.和七月的热天相比,九月的夜晚十分凉爽。
考点:contrast…and/with/to… 将…与…对比;by contrast对比之下;be a contrast to 和…形成对比
典型考题:there is a sharp ____ between his earlier and later works.
A. similarity B. character C. comparison D. contrast
答案为D.译文:他的早期作品和晚期作品截然不同。
similarity相似性;character性格,特征;comparison对比,指比较的相似之处;contrast表示显而易见的不同之处。
记忆法:contract v./n.合同,缩写
辨析:compare, contrast都有“比较,对比”的意思
compare指比较,着重相似之处。compare常与with和to连用。He compares books to friends.他把书比作朋友。
contrast指对比,着重相异之处。常与with连用。In this book the writer contrasts good with evil.在这本书中,作者将善与恶进行了对比。
17. priority
用法: n. 先, 前, 优先, 优先权:priority construction近期[首期]建筑
Ensure funding for priority areas保证重点支出
Absolute principle, top priority硬道理
To assign priority according to seniority按资排辈
In some systems, a classification of jobs in a multiprogramming environment that are neither
\"foreground(high priority)nor\" background(low priority.
在某些系统中,在多道程序设计环境中一种作业的分类,它既非“前台”(高优先级),也非“后台”(低优先级)。
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用法:v.(1)促进,推进:proper exercise will promote physical and mental health for the old.适当锻炼会促进老人身心健康。
(2)提升,提拔: My husband has been promoted to headmaster.我的丈夫已被提升为校长。
考点:be promoted得到提升;promote one’s product促销商品
典型考题:Do you have any idea of how to ____ the sales of this product.
A. promote B. force C. drive D. strength
答案为A.译文:你有什么办法来促销这种产品吗?
promote 促进 ,提升 ;force压迫 ; drive 驱动;strength加强
记忆法:促进,提升,宣传。
19. emerge
用法 : vi. 显现, 浮现, 暴露, 形成, (由某种状态)脱出, (事实)显现出来
new leaders who may emerge. 可能出现的新领导者们
A multitude of heroic figures emerge. 大量英雄人物出现了。
to emerge with the fins above water. 将鳍露出水面
Sea mammals must emerge periodically to breathe. 海生哺乳动物必须不断地浮现出海面呼吸
New problem emerge as they discuss further. 随着他们讨论的深入新的问题也冒了出来。
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20. valid
用法:a.(1)有根据的,站得住脚的:raise valid objections to a scheme. 对某一计划提出有力的反对。
(2)有法律效率的:valid for three months 三个月有效
典型考题:The train ticket is only ____ within this week.
A. sincere B. valid C. actual D. unusual
答案为B 译文:这张火车票只在这周内有效。
sincere诚恳的;valid有效的;actual实际的;unusual不寻常的
记忆法:validly ad.有效地;validity n.有效性,合法性
us
用法: adj.巨大的, 庞大的, <古>极恶的, 凶暴的:enormous profits巨大的利益
wielded enormous power. 行使极大的权力。
an enormous sum of money巨额资金
an enormous plate of food很大的一盘食物
a man of enormous strength力大无穷的人
paid an enormous sum. 支付了一大笔款项
22. exception
用法:n.除外,例外:There is an exception to this grammatical rule. 这条语法规则有个例外。
考点:with an exception of例外;take exception(to)生气
典型考题:I enjoyed all his novels with the ____ of his last.
A. explosion B. expedition C. excursion D. exception
答案为D 译文:除过最后一部,我喜欢他的所有小说。
explosion爆炸;expedition探险;excursion远足;exception例外。
记忆法:exceptional例外的;except for除…以外
23. worthwhile
用法:adj. 值得做的, 值得出力的:It is worthwhile seeing the film. 这电影值得一看。
It is worthwhile making such an experiment.
做这样的实验是值得的。
I think it worthwhile read that book.
我认为那本书值得一读。
I guess we\'ve seen everything that\'s worthwhile.
我想值得看的我们都看
24. superior
用法:a.优良的,优势的(to):This machine is superior in many respects to that.这台机器在很多方面比那台好。
考点:be superior to胜过,比…好
典型考题:His knowledge of French literature is____ to mine.
A. superficial B. superior C. infinite D. inferior
答案为B 译文:他的法国文学知识比我的好。
superficial表面的;superior比…好;infinite无限的;inferior比…差。
记忆法:superiority n.胜过;inferiority n.次于
引申:(反)inferior;(同)better
25. exaggerate
用法:v. 夸大, 夸张:To use hyperbole; exaggerate. 夸张使用夸张手法,夸张
To exaggerate a minor problem. 小题大作夸张一个小困难
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To exaggerate a role; overplay. 演得过火过于夸张地演某角色;演得过火
It is impossible to exaggerate the fact. 无论怎样强调这事实,也不嫌过份。
Don\'t exaggerate the parallelism between the two cases. 不要夸大那两件事的相似性。
IV 重要短语
1. find one’s way
用法:(1)到达:Drunk as he was, Peter still found his way home.尽管彼得喝醉了,他依然能找到回家的路。
(2)进入,流入:Shanghai is not an easy city to find your way around.上海是一个不容易找到路的城市。
扩展:lose one’s way迷路; work one’s way奋力向前; fight one’s way挣扎着向前
2. on occasion
用法:有时,间或;Steve spent almost all his time doing his research, but, on occasion, he would take his
son to see a film.史蒂文几乎把所有的时间都花在研究上,但有时也带儿子去看电影。
扩展:相当于Occasionally, 也可写作on occasions.
3. in due course
用法:(1)在适当时机:your book will be published in due course.你的书会在适当时机出版。
(2)最终:Be patient. You’ll get your promotion in due course.耐心点。你最终会被提升的。
扩展:in (during) the course of 在…期间; of course当然
4. make up for
用法:补偿,弥补:They hurried on to make up for lost time.他们加速行进以补回失去的时间。
Hard work can make up for the lack of intelligence.勤能补拙。
扩展:make up编造,化妆; be made up of 由…组成
5. pick up
用法:(1)获得:Where did you pick up that book 你那本书是怎么来的
(2)学会:I have picked up a bit of surgery from him.我从他那里学会了一些外科手术的技术。
扩展:pick out挑出; pick over一件一件整理
6. hold onto (on)
用法:握住:(1)He was struggling to hold onto a rock on the top of the cliff. 他拼命抓住悬崖顶的一块岩石。
拿住:(2)She held onto a coffee cup while reading the financial report. 她读着财政报告,手里拿着一杯咖啡。
扩展:Hold against 归咎于,责怪; hold off 保持距离; 拖延;延期。
7. in retrospect
用法:回顾:It was, in retrospect, the happiest day of her life.回想起来,那是她一生最幸福的日子。
He knew in retrospect that he should have married his first love Ruth回想起来,他明白他本该与初恋情人露丝结婚的。
In retrospect, I wish that I had chosen telecommunication as my major.回想起来,我真希望我选的专业是电信
8. work on/at
用法:从事,钻研:He has been working on a new invention. 他一直在钻研一项新发明。
She needs to work at her pronunciation. 她需要努力练好发音。
Bill came back ahead of time to continue working on his term paper. 比尔提前回来继续写学期论文。
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扩展 :workout算出,想出
V 经典句式
1. so much so that
用法: 因此,结果是:Mary’s ill, so much so that he can’t get out of bed.玛丽病了,因此她不能下床。
辨析: (1)so…that, such…that 两者都可以引导结果状语从句,不同的是so后面需接形容词或副词,such 后面可接名词也可单独作表语,表示由此程度而导致的某种结果:He give me such good advice
that I finished the task easily. 他给我的建议非常之好,我很顺利地完成了任务。
(2)so that引起的从句既可以表示目的还可以表示结果。根据形式判断,结果状语从句前常用逗号隔开,在目的状语从句中常常使用may, might, can, could, should, would等情态动词。
(3)so ... 那样...以致( 以便) :He is so naive as to believe such a lie.他竟然幼稚得连这种谎言都相信。
2. assuming that
用法:假如,假设:Assuming that this painting really is a Picasso, how much do you think it’s worth?假如这幅画真的是毕加索的,你任为它值多少钱?
辨析: (1)if引导的条件句,如果表真实情况,不用虚拟语气:If it is fine, we will go out a walk.如果天气好,我们就出去散步。
如果表示非真实情况,则用虚拟语气:If I were you, I would accept his advice.如果我是你,我就会接受他的建议。
(2)suppose通常引导的祈使句不用虚拟语气:Suppose it rains, what shall we do 万一下雨了,我们怎么办
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