汽车新技术EPS解析

2023年11月24日发(作者：二手雷克萨斯570)

汽车电动助力转向新技术EPS

Automobile electric power assisted steering EPS new technologyElectric power steering

technologyAbstract: after electronic technology engine, transmission and brake system is widely

used, the foreign automobile is gradually to the electric power steering (Electric Power Steering,

EPS) to replace the traditional hydraulic power steering (HPS). Has become a hot research topic in

the world automotive technology development of electric power steering. Keywords: electric

power; hydraulic power steering system;The Electric Power Steering SystemAbstract: With the

widely use of the Electric Controlled Engine, Transmission and Brake, the Hydraulic Power

Steering is being replaced by the Electric power Steering abroad. The Electric power Steering has

been the hot point of the world vehicle technology development. Key words: electric power

hydraulic power steering system 1 development status1988 February Japan Suzuki company for

the first time in the gas Cervo EPS equipped car, and then in the Alto on the vehicle equipment.

After this, the electric power steering technology such as bamboo shoots after a spring rain do get

rapid development. Japan\'s Daihatsu cars, cars, cars, Mitsubishi Honda USA Delphi automotive

systems company, TRW company, Germany ZF company, have developed their own EPS

domestic research and development of EPS technology late start, the technology is

mature and can realize bulk supply of domestic enterprises less. According to statistics,

foreign-funded and Sino foreign joint venture enterprise occupies more than China\'s EPS market

share of 80%, less than 10% market share of local enterprises. All the time since, due to the EPS

system for motor drive voltage problem can\'t be solved effectively, so the main application of EPS

system in the field of passenger car. As the positioning of independent brand car low, autonomous

vehicle enterprises for the development and application of advanced electronic technology is

insufficient, resulting in autonomous vehicle EPS equipment rate was lower than that of the joint

ventures and foreign automobile. The independent brand, in addition to the series, the Chery A3,

Xiali, Geely, Geely BL N5 feelings such as part of the high-end cars equipped with EPS system,

other few models equipped with the EPS system. The car of the joint venture, the standard EPS

system models are: FAW Volkswagen, FAW, FAW-VW MAGOTAN Toyota crown Toyota RAV4,

Shanghai Volkswagen Skoda Octavia, Shanghai Volkswagen Tiguan, Dongfeng Honda CR-V,

GAC Toyota highlander. The market prices of these high-grade cars in more than one hundred and

fifty 2 principle of constructionEPS is a kind of rely on auxiliary torque motor to

provide power steering system. The basic principle of different types of EPS are the same: torque

sensor shaft are connected together with the steering, when the steering shaft rotates, the torque

sensor starts to work, the input shaft and the output shaft relative displacement in the torsion bar

under the action of into electrical signals transmitted to the ECU, ECU according to the direction

of rotation and the auxiliary current determines the size of motor signal the vehicle speed sensor

and torque sensor, so as to complete the real-time control of the power steering. It can be easily

implemented in a power assisted motor speed is not at the same time provide a different effect,

ensure the vehicle at low speed when the flexible steering, steering stability and reliability at high

speed. Therefore, EPS turned to the degree of freedom is provided with high..The EPS system

consists of the torque sensor, a vehicle speed sensor, a speed reducing mechanism, a motor and an

electronic control unit (ECU). The torque sensor function is to measure the magnitude and

direction of the driver to the steering torque and steering wheel size and steering wheel angle. The

complexity of its structure, high precision, high cost caused. Therefore, accurate and reliable,

low-cost torque sensor is the key factor to decide whether to occupy the market of EPS systemA.

The speed sensor is the function of the vehicle speed measurement. The signal is the EPS control

signal; motor function is based on the ECU command outputs suitable assist torque is the power

source of the EPS; EPS reducer connected with the motor mechanism, the landing speed

increasing moment function; electronic control unit (ECU) is the function of the logical analysis

and calculation according to the signal of the torque sensor and speed sensor after the instructions

issued to control the motor and the clutch action, at the same time with safety protection and self

diagnosis EPS system can be divided into the steering shaft type power, single

column type, gear power type and rack assist type four according to the location of the motor.3

future trendsProvides the power directly by motor EPS system, the power size accurately

controlled by ECU. It can save fuel, improve active safety and environmental protection, high-tech

is the theme of modern automotive development a closely, so once appeared to be highly attention.

After nearly thirty years of development, the maturity of EPS technology, its application range

from the very first miniature passenger vehicle to the large-sized passenger and commercial

passenger car development direction. Power form of EPS also develops from low speed range

power type to full speed range power type, and control the form and function is also further

strengthen. EPS represents the future development direction of power steering technology, will

serve as a standard piece of equipment to the car, and will occupy the dominant position in the

field of power steering. The broad application prospect of between EPS technology, it is necessary

to increase the human and capital investment, research and development of EPS related

technology.4 experienceAlong with the quantity increase and the automobile of China\'s

automobile industry is constantly increasing, in order to meet the market forPage 2/3High

performance car demand, must to China Automotive Technology to optimize and upgrade, which

for steering the system requirements more stringent, it relates to the automotive comfort and safety.

Traditional hydraulic power steering system due to the hydraulic instability and other defects, has

affected the security and comfort of vehicle. Technology provides technical support for

automotive steering upgrade and optimization of electric power steering system, a series of its

advantages, will replace the traditional hydraulic power steering system and become the

automobile power steering technology development trend. Because our country electric power

steering technology R & D from the world level still has very big difference, makes foreign

products occupy a large share in the market of our country, it is bound to affect the healthy

development of China\'s automobile industry. Therefore, it is necessary to strengthen the

technology R & D manpower and capital investment, turned to electric, and organizational

management and reasonable, so that the level of relevant industry technology in China reached or

even exceeded the international level, for the healthy development of China\'s automobile industry

to contribute 5 Ref.[1] history library. New technology of automobile [M]. Beijing: China

Communications Press, 2010[2] Fu Limin. New technology of automobile [M]. Changchun: Jilin

science and Technology Press, 2000Page 3/3

电动转向技术

摘要：继电子技术的发动机、变速器和制动器等系统得到广泛应用之后，国外汽车正逐步以

电动助力转向（Electric Power Steering , EPS）取代传统液压助力转向（HPS）。电动助力转

向已成为世界汽车技术发展的研究热点。 关键词：电动助力；液压助力；转向系统

The Electric Power Steering System

Abstract: With the widely use of the Electric Controlled Engine, Transmission and Brake, the

Hydraulic Power Steering is being replaced by the Electric power Steering abroad. The Electric

power Steering has been the hot point of the world vehicle technology development. Key words:

electric power hydraulic power steering system 1 发展现状

1988年2月日本铃木公司首次在气Cervo车上装备EPS，随后又在其Alto车上装备。在此

之后，电动助力转向技术如雨后春笋办得到迅速发展。日本的大发汽车、三菱汽车、本田汽

车、美国的Delphi汽车系统公司、TRW公司、德国的ZF公司，都相继开发出各自的EPS

系统。

国内对于EPS技术的研究和开发起步较晚，技术成熟且能实现批量供应的内资企业较少。

据统计，外方独资和中外合资的企业占据了我国EPS市场份额的80%以上，本土企业市场

份额不足10%。一直以来，由于EPS系统用电机的驱动电压问题得不到有效解决，使得EPS

系统主要应用于乘用车领域。由于自主品牌车型的定位较低，自主整车企业对于先进电子技

术研发和应用的力度不够，造成自主车型EPS的装备率明显低于合资及外资汽车。自主品

牌中，除荣威系列、奇瑞A3、夏利N5、吉利豪情、吉利美人豹等部分高端车款配备EPS

系统以外，其他车型很少装备EPS系统。合资车中，标配EPS系统的车型有：一汽大众迈

腾、一汽丰田皇冠、一汽丰田RAV4、上海大众斯柯达明锐、上海大众途观、东风本田CR-V、

广汽丰田汉兰达等。这些高档车型的市场价格均在十五万以上。

2 构造原理

EPS是一种依靠电机提供辅助辅助转矩的动力转向系统。不同类型的EPS的基本原理是相

同的：转矩传感器与转向轴连接在一起，当转向轴转动时，转矩传感器开始工作，把输入轴

和输出轴在扭杆作用下产生的相对位移变成电信号传送给ECU，ECU根据车速传感器和转

矩传感器的信号决定电动机的旋转方向和辅助电流大小，从而完成实时控制助力转向。它可

以很容易的实现在车速不同时提供电动机不同的助力效果，保证汽车在低速行驶时转向轻便

灵活，高速行驶时转向稳定可靠。因此，EPS转向特性设置具有较高的自由度。。

EPS系统主要由转矩传感器、车速传感器、减速机构、电动机和电子控制单元（ECU）组成.

转矩传感器的功能是测量驾驶员作用于转向盘上力矩的大小和方向以及转向盘转角的大小

和方向。其结构复杂、精度要求高，导致成本较高。所以，精确可靠、低成本的转矩传感器

是决定EPS系统能否占据市场的关键因素之

一。车速传感器的功能是测量汽车行驶速度。这些信号时是EPS的控制信号；电动机的功

能是根据ECU的指令输出适宜的辅助转矩，是EPS的动力源；EPS的减速机构与电动机相

连，起降速增矩的作用；电子控制单元（ECU）的功能是根据转矩传感器和车速传感器的信

号进行逻辑分析和计算后，发出指令，控制电动机和离合器的动作，同时具有安全保护和自

我诊断功能。

EPS系统根据电动机布置的位置可分为转向轴助力式、单独助力式、齿轮助力式和齿条助力

式四种。

3 未来趋势

EPS系统用电动机直接提供助力，助力大小由ECU精确控制。它能节省燃料，提高主动安

全性，且有利于环保，是一项紧扣现代汽车发展主题的高新技术，所以一经出现就受到高度

的重视。经过近三十年的发展，EPS技术日趋完善，其应用范围开始从最初的微型乘用车向

更大型乘用车和商用客车方向发展。EPS的助力形式也从低速范围助力型向全速范围助力型

发展，并且控制形式与功能也进一步加强。EPS代表未来动力转向技术的发展方向，将作为

标准件装备到汽车上，并将在动力转向领域占据主导地位。介于EPS技术广阔的应用前景，

我国有必要加大人力和资金投入，进行EPS相关技术的研究与开发。

4 心得体会

随着我国汽车工业的不断壮大及汽车拥有量的不断增多，为了满足市场对于

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高性能汽车的需求，必须对我国的汽车技术进行优化升级，其中对于汽车转向系统的的要求

更为严格，它关系到汽车的舒适性和安全性。传统的液压助力转向系统由于油压不稳定等缺

陷，已经影响到汽车的舒适性和安全性。电动助力转向技术为汽车转向系统的优化升级提供

了技术保障，其所具有的一系列优点，必将替代传统液压助力转向系统并成为汽车助力转向

技术发展的趋势。由于我国电动助力转向技术的研发距离世界水平尚有很大的差距，使得国

外产品在我国市场占有很大份额，这势必会影响我国汽车工业的健康发展。因此，我国有必

要加强对电动转向技术技术研发的人力和资金投入，并进行合理的组织管理，使我国相关产

业技术水平达到甚至超过国际水平，为我国汽车工业的健康发展作出贡献 5 参考文献

[1]史文库.汽车新技术[M].北京：人民交通出版社，2010.

[2]傅立敏.汽车新技术[M].长春：吉林科学技术出版社，2000

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