商务英语相关词汇解析

2023年12月6日发(作者：比亚迪e5纯电动车)

商务英语相关词汇解析

一、business and businesses商业和公司

a business,company,or firm is an organization that sells

goods or services .a business may also be referred to formally as

a ss is the production,buying,and selling of goods

and services.

a business may be referred to approvingly as an enterprise

to emphasize its adventurous, risk-taking qualities, and business

in general may be referred to in the same way, for example in

combinations such as free enterprise and private enterprise.

business is also referred to as commerce. this word, and its

related adjective commercial, are often used to distinguish the

business sphere from other areas such as government or the arts,

or to distinguish it from nonmoney-making activities.

注释：

business 商业；生意；公司 company 公司；商号

firm (合伙的)商号；商行 concern 康采恩（垄断企业形式之一）

commerce 商业； 商务 commercial 商业的；商务的；商用的

enterprise 企事业单位 free enterprise 自由企业

private enterprise 私人企业

二、from multinationals to small firms 从跨国公司到小型企业

large companies are referred to as corporations, especially in

the united states. corporate is used to describe things relating to

a corporation, or to corporations in general, in expressions like

the ones in the next exercise. large companies operating in many

countries are multinationals.

big business can refer to large business organizations or to

any business activity that makes a lot of money. small companies

are referred to as small businesses or small firms.

unlike some languages, english does not have an everyday

term for small and medium-sized companies, apart from this

rather clumsy expression.

注释：

corporation 大公司；股份有限公司 corporate 法人；团体

multinational 跨国的；多国的 big business 大型企业；大公司

small and medium sized companies中小规模的公司

small business 小公司 small firm 小公司

三、industries and sectors 工业及其部门

businesses may be classified according to which industry

they are in: for example construction, oil, banking, food.

sector is sometimes used to mean industry in the same way,

particularly by specialists such as financial journalists, but it is

more often used to talk about different parts of the economy in

combinations such as public sector and private sector, or about

types of business in expressions like service sector and

manufacturing sector.

注释：

industry 工业；产业 sector 部门；部分

public sector 公共部门 private sector 私营部门

manufacturing sector 制造部门 service sector 服务部门

四、public sector and private 公共部门和私营部门

when a private company is bought by the state and brought

into the public sector, it is nationalized in a process of

nationalization. a nationalized company is state-owned. when

the state returns a company to the private sector in a sell-off, it is

privatized. this is privatization.

the first to be sold off in a privatization program are often

the companies responsible for the public supply of electricity, water and gas: the utilities.

注释：

nationalized 国有化的 nationalization 国有化

privatized 私有化的 privatization 私有化

state-owned 国有的 sell off 廉价出清

utilities 公用事业；公用事业部门

五、stakes 份额；股份

if company a owns shares or equity in company b, a has or

holds a stake, holding or shareholding in b. if a owns less than

half the shares in b, it has a minority stake in b.

if a owns more than half the shares in b, it has a majority

stake or controlling stake in b. if you have shares in a company

you are a shareholder.

注释：

shares/stake 份额；股份 equity 股份；产权；普通股票

holding 持有；股票额 shareholding 持有股票数

shareholder 股东 hold a stake 持有份额

majority stake 大股东（50%以上） controlling stake 大股东 minority stake 小股东

原作者： mba100

商务英语重点词汇(2)

一、parents and sisters 母公司和姐妹公司

a holding or holding company is one that holds stakes in one

or more subsidiaries. if it owns all the shares in a subsidiary, the

subsidiary is a wholly-owned one.

a holding company?s relationship to its subsidiaries is that of

parent company, and the subsidiaries relationship to each other

is that of sister companies. a holding and its subsidiaries form a

group.

a conglomerate is a group containing a lot of different

companies in different businesses. journalists also refer to large

groups as giants.

注释：

holding company 控股公司 subsidiary 子公司

wholly-owned subsidiary 全资子公司 parent company 母公司

sister company 姐妹公司 group 集团公司

conglomerate 联合大企业 giant 大企业；企业巨人（新闻用语）

二、predators,raiders,and white knights 掠夺者、抢劫者和善意合作者

the takeover process is often described in terms of one

animal hunting another: a company or individual seeking to take

over another company may be referred to as a predator, and the

target company as the prey. predators are also referred to as

raiders or corporate raiders.

a company wishing to resist, ward off, or fend off being taken

over has a number of options. it may devise plans that give

existing shareholders special rights, or it may make itself less

attractive to bidders by selling off a valuable part of the company,

or holding on to an unattractive one. actions like these are poison

pills.

or it may persuade a friendly partner, a white knight, to take

a stake in the company, thus preventing a complete takeover by

a hostile bidder. bidders may agree to withdraw their bid if paid

enough money for the shares they hold in the target company.

this is green mail.

注释：

predator 掠夺者(恶意吞并其它企业) prey 猎物(被恶意并购的企业)

raider 掠夺者(恶意并购其它企业) corporate raider 合伙掠夺者

fend off a bid 阻止收购 ward off a bid 阻止收购

poison bill毒药(公司通过给予股东某些特权、或卖掉部分有价值资产，而持有或购进价值不大的资产，从而减少自己对并购公司的吸引力)

white knight

指购买公司部分股份以免遭兼并企业完全兼并的善意和或者。

greenmail 绿函交易

指兼并企业以增加股票价值为条件撤回自己向标的企业投标的交易。

三、leveraged buy-outs and junk bonds 杠杆收购和垃圾债券

in a leveraged buyout, or lbo, a company is acquired by a

group of investors, often financed by heavy borrowing. the debt

is then paid out of the target company?s operating revenues or

by selling its assets. the borrowing involved in lbos is often high- risk debt called

junk bonds.

lbos financed by junk were frequent in the 1980s and after

an absence following the excesses of that period, they are now

occurring again.

注释：

leveraged buy-out 杠杠收购 lbo = leveraged buy-out

junk bonds 高风险债券

四、joint ventures and alliances 合资与联盟

two or more companies may decide to work together by

setting up a joint venture or alliance in which each holds a stake.

注释：

joint venture 合资企业 alliance 企业联盟

五、mergers 兼并

when two companies combine, usually voluntarily, they

merge in a merger. 注释：

mergers 兼并 merger 兼并

商务英语重点词汇(3)

一、restructuring 企业重组(1)

a group containing many types of business is diversified. a

group?s basic business activity, perhaps the one it originally

started with, is its core business. separate business activities may

be viewed as profit centers, each responsible for generating

profit.

businesses are often encouraged to concentrate or focus on

their core activities and to sell off, spin off, or dispose of non-essential assets. these assets are often referred to as non-core

assets.

a sale of assets in this way is referred to as a sell-off, spin-off,

or disposal. a spin-off can also refer to a business that has been

spun off. 注释：

diversified 多样化；多角化 core business 核心经营

profit center 利润中心 focus 集中经营

assets 资产；基金 non-core assets 空心资本

sell off 抛售 spin off 剥离；拆分

dispose of 处理；变卖 disposal 处理；变卖

二、management buy-outs 管理层收购

when a group is restructured, the managers of a business

that is to be sold off may want to buy it themselves in a

management buy-out or mbo, usually in combination with an

organization providing finance in the form of venture capital.

注释：

management buyout = mbo 管理层收购 venture capital 风险投资

三、entrepreneurs and tycoons 企业家和金融巨头

an entrepreneur （企业家） is usually someone who builds

up a company from nothing: a start-up （新创）company. entrepreneurs may one day become tycoons（实业界/金融界巨头）, magnates（产业大王）or moguls（工商巨擘）: rich and

successful people with power and influence who head big

organizations, usually ones they have built up themselves and in

which they have a large personal stake.

四、managers and executives 经理和董事

a manager is someone in a position of responsibility in an

organization. an executive（总经理；董事） is usually a manager

at quite a high level. executives are also execs, an informal

expression. people at the head of an organization are senior

executives（高级董事/主管） or senior managers（高层管理者/总经理）, top executives（高层领导者）or top managers（总经理）.

五、ladies and gentlemen of the board 董事会成员

the people legally responsible for a company are its board or

board of directors（理事会/董事会）.

in the us,the head of a company may have the title

president(总裁/董事长). again, the responsibilities of this post vary

from company to company, and the post may be combined with

another.

in the us, a senior manager in charge of a function may have

the title vice-president（副总裁/副董事长） and may be on the

board. one vice president may have responsibility for running the company, or maybe not, as the last example below indicates only

too well.

executive directors（执行董事） on a board are high level

managers of the company. other directors are non-executive

directors（非常务董事）, perhaps bringing their knowledge and

experience to several company boards.

商务英语重点词汇(4)

一、headhunting 猎头

headhunters（猎头者） are specialist consultants who search

for highlevel, often board-level, executives and try to persuade

them to leave their current job in order to go to work in another

company. managers found in this way are headhunted in a

process of headhunting.

executives may be persuaded to move company by the

promise of a golden hello（见面礼）:a large sum of money or

some other financial enticement offered by the company they

move to.

二、executive pay 主管人员的收入

when talking about executive pay, compensation（薪水）can

refer, confusingly, to two different things:

* what top executives get for running a company.

* what they get on leaving a company.

apart from salary, an executive?s compensation package（工资袋）can include:

* bonuses: extra payments, sometimes, but not always,

related to the firm?s performance.

* benefits（福利；津贴）and perks（额外津贴）ranging from

share options（优先股票权）, the right to buy the company?s

shares at an advantageous price, to a chauffeur-driven car.

remuneration（待遇）is also used to talk about executives?

salary and benefits.

三、executive pay-offs 主管人员的遣散费

a compensation package for an executive leaving a company

is also known as a golden goodbye（黄金再见）, golden

handshake（黄金握别）, or golden parachute（黄金降落）.

compensation for someone leaving a company may be

referred to as a compensation payment, compensation payoff, or

compensation payout（赔偿金）.

these payments may form part of a severance package（解雇金）.

severance payments can be the subject of complex negotiations when an executive leaves, or is ousted（免职）:

forced to leave.

when executives are ousted, people may talk about

companies giving them the golden boot（给被解职/离职的主管人员的补偿金）.

四、numbers people 计算数值的人

business organizations obviously need people who are good

with numbers and computers.

people refer, slightly offensively, to accountants and other

numerate specialists as bean-counters（数值计算专家/会计） or

numbercrunchers（数值计算专家）.

rocket scientists（这里指由金融机构聘请的专门处理最新的、极为复杂的金融工具的数学及相关学科的高级专门人才） are people

with advanced qualifications in mathematics and related subjects

recruited by financial institutions to work on new and extremely

complex financial products.

五、management and labour 劳资双方

people working for a company are referred to as its

workforce（劳动力）, employees（雇工）, staff（职员）, of

personnel（雇员） and are on its payroll（工资发放名册）.

in some contexts, especially more conservative ones,

employees and workforce refer to those working on the

shopfloor（车间）of a factory actually making things. similarly,

staff is sometimes used to refer only to managers and

officebased workers.

this traditional division is also found in the expressions

white-collar（白领） and blue-collar（蓝领）.

another traditional division is that between management（资方）and labor（劳方）.

商务英语重点词汇(5)

一、personnel or human resources? 职员还是人力资源

the people working for an organization are, formally, its

personnel（职员/人事）. in large organizations, administration of

people is done by the personnel department（人事部）, although

this expression is now sometimes rejected. companies talk

instead about their human resources（人力资源）or hr and

human resource management（人力资源管理） or hrm.

二、hiring and firing 雇佣和解雇

personnel departments are usually involved in finding new

staff and recruiting（招聘）them, hiring（雇佣)them, or taking

them on, in a process of recruitment. someone recruited is a

recruit（新进人员）, or in american english only, a hire. they are

also involved when people are made to leave the organization,

or fired（被解雇）. these responsibilities are referred to, relatively

informally, as hiring and firing（雇佣和解雇）. if you leave a job

voluntarily, you quit（辞职）.

三、 delayering and downsizing 延缓和精简编制

middle managers（中程主管）are those in the hierarchy

between senior management and front-line managers（基层管理人员） or line managers（生产线管理人员）, the people managing

employees.

middle managers are now most often mentioned in the

context of re-engineering（流程再造）, delayering（延缓）,

downsizing（精简编制）, or rightsizing: all these expressions

describe the recent trend for companies to reduce the numbers

of people they employ, often by getting rid of layers of managers

from the middle of the hierarchy. an organization that has

undergone this process is lean（精干的）and its hierarchy flat（扁平的）

四、empowerment 授权

organizations say that they are eliminating middle levels of

their hierarchies so as to empower（授权）ordinary workers and

employees.

this process of empowerment is designed to give them the

authority to make decisions that were previously taken by middle

managers.

五、getting the sack 解雇

when people lose their jobs, they are dismissed（被开除） or

made redundant（被解雇）. when people are laid off（被辞退）like this, commentators talk about the number of dismissals（裁员）or redundancies（劳力过剩）involved.

六、stress 工作压力

the people left in an organisation after it has been downsized

often have more to do. stress is a combination of tension and

anxiety often caused by overwork（工作过度）. working too

much. people say that they are under stress, stressed, or stressed

out when they are overworked. people who have been under so

much stress that they are unlikely to recover enough to do their

jobs properly again are described as burned out（筋疲力尽）, or

in british english only, burnt out.

七、 outplacement 获任新职（公司为其被解雇员工在另一公司找到工作）

outplacement is when a company helps people it is making

redundant find new jobs in other organizations