2024年1月3日发(作者：汽车音响改装价格表)
汽车专业英语读译教程(第3版)TEXT B课后练习题(EXERCISES)参考
答案
UNIT 1 AUTOMOTIVE BASICS
TEXT B Automobile\'s History
/
? Translate the following English names of car makers into Chinese:
1. General Motors Corporation 通用汽车公司
2. Ford Motor Co.福特汽车公司
3. Chrysler Motors Corporation 克莱斯勒汽车公司
4. Toyota Motor Corporation 丰田汽车公司
5. Nissan Motor Co. Ltd.日产汽车公司
6. Honda Motor Co. Ltd.本田汽车公司
7. Mitsubishi Motors Corporation 三菱汽车公司
8. Mercedes-Benz AG梅赛德斯-奔驰汽车公司
9. BMW AG宝马汽车公司
10. Volkswagen AG群众汽车公司
11. Audi AG奥迪汽车公司
12. Suzuki Motor Corporation 铃木汽车公司
13. Isuzu Motors Ltd.五十铃汽车公司
14. Mazda Motor Corporation 马自达汽车公司
15. Volvo Car Corporation 沃尔沃轿车公司
16. Volvo Bus Corporation 沃尔沃巴士公司
17. Porsche AG保时捷汽车公司
//. Translate the following English names of cars into Chinese:
1. Chevrolet Corvette; Buick Century; Cadillac Deville 雪佛兰克尔维特；别克世纪；凯 迪拉克德维尔
2.
3.
4.
Ford Mustang; Ford Mendeo; Lincoln Town Car 福特野马；福特蒙迪欧；林肯城市
Dodge Caravan; Jeep Grand Cherokee; New Yorker 道奇捷龙；吉普大切诺基；纽约人
Landcruiser; Camry; Crown; Lexus陆地巡洋舰；凯美瑞；皇冠；雷克萨斯
1. What are the advantages of continuously variable transmission?
Because there are no gears to tie a given road speed directly to a given engine speed, the CVT
can vary the engine speed as needed to access maximum power as well as maximum fuel efficiency.
This allows the CVT to provide quicker acceleration than a conventional automatic or manual
transmission while delivering superior fuel economy.
2. What are the main components of automated manual transmission?
Transmission control ECU, clutch activator, transmission actuator, operators, and sensors
II. Translate the following paragraph into Chinese
：
The basic technical criteria for continuously variable transmissions are size, weight, transmission-ratio range, transfer efficiency, noise emissions and installation possibilities. With regard to these
aspects, mechanical continuously variable transmissions, in the form of chain-driven transmission, have
provided the best results so far.
评判无级变速器的基本技术标准是尺寸、重量、传动比范围、传动效率、噪声排放和安 装可能性。在这些方面，链传动形式的机械无级变速器提供了迄今为止最好的结果。
UNIT 10 BRAKING SYSTEMS
TEXT B Traction Control System (TRAC) and Electronic Stability
Control (ESC)
/
? Answer the following questions:
1. What is the purpose of a traction control system?
The purpose of the traction control system (TCS, or TRAC) (Fig. 10-3) is to prevent wheel spin
from occurring due to acceleration.
2. What is the purpose of a electronic stability control?
ESC uses sensors to detect when a driver is about to lose control of the vehicle and automatically
intervenes to provide stability and help the driver stay on the intended course, especially in oversteering
and understeering situations.
3. List the main parts of a traction control system?
TRAC OFF switch, sub-throttle actuator, Sub-Throttle Position Sensor,TRAC Pump,TRAC Brake
Actuator
4. List the main parts of electronic stability control?
It incorporates anti-lock brakes (ABS) and traction control (TCS).
11. Translate the following phrases into Chinese:
1. traction control system(TCS)牵引力控制系统
2. electronic stability control (ESC)电子稳定性控制
3. TRAC brake actuator TRAC 制动执行器
4. sub-throttle plate 副节气门
5. electronic stability program (ESP)电子稳定性程序UNIT 11 SUSPENSION AND
STEERING SYSTEMS
TEXT B Advanced Suspension Systems
/
? Answer the following questions:
1. List are the main parts of a automatic leveling suspension system?
An air compressor, a compressor relay, an air dryer, an exhaust solenoid, a control module, a height
sensor, a pair of air adjustable rear shock absorbers and the air lines and fittings connecting the
compressor to the shocks.
2. List the main parts of a computer-controlled air suspension?
A compressor/air dryer assembly, a compressor relay, a pair of front air struts with integral height
sensors, a pair of rear air springs, a pair of rear shocks, a control module, the air lines, a compressor, a
rear height sensor (in the right rear shock absorber), a wiring harness assembly and a compressor cover.
3. List the main parts of a typical ride control system ?
Steering sensors, which monitor the direction and speed of steering wheel rotation; brake sensors,
which monitor brake system applications; and an acceleration signal sensor, which monitors the rate of
acceleration.
4. What is meant by an \"active suspension\'?
Computerized ride control systems, also called active suspensions, are computer-controlled
electronic suspension systems that can adapt to specific driving conditions.
II. Translate the followings into English:
1 .空气压缩机air compressor
2 .空气干燥器air dryer
3 .空气弹簧air springs.主动悬架 active suspension
4 .计算机控制空气悬架 computer-controlled air suspension.线性高度传感器height sensor
5 .可调式空气减振器 air adjustable shock absorbers.控制模块 control module
UNIT 12 BODY ELECTRICAL SYSTEMS
TEXT B Cruise Control System and Remote Keyless-Entry
System
/. Answer the following questions:
1. List the main parts of the cruise control systems.
vehicle speed sensor, operator controls, control module, and throttle actuator.
2. How does the controller chip in any modern controller works?
However, the controller chip in any modern controller uses something called a hopping code or a
rolling code to provide security. For example, a system uses a 40-bit rolling code. Forty bits provide 240
(about 1 trillion) possible codes. Here\'s how it works:
? The transmitter\'s controller chip has a memory location that holds the current 40-bit code. When
you push a button on your key fob, it sends that 40-bit code along with a function code that tells the car
what you want to do (lock the doors, unlock the doors, open the trunk, etc.).
? The receiver\'s controller chip also has a memory location that holds the current 40-bit code. If
the receiver gets the 40-bit code it expects, then it performs the requested function. If not, it does nothing.
? Both the transmitter and the receiver use the same pseudo-random number generator. When the
transmitter sends a 40-bit code, it uses the pseudo-random number generator to pick a new code, which
it stores in memory. On the other end, when the receiver receives a valid code, it uses the same pseudo-random number generator to pick a new one. In this way, the transmitter and the receiver are
synchronized. The receiver only opens the door if it receives the code it expects.
? If you are a mile away from your car and accidentally push the button on the transmitter, the
transmitter and receiver are no longer synchronized. The receiver solves this problem by accepting any
of the next 256 possible valid codes in the pseudo-random number sequence. This way, you could
“accidentally” push a button on the transmitter up to 256 times and it would be okay - the receiver
would still accept the transmission and perform the requested function. However, if you accidentally
push the button 257 times, the receiver will totally ignore your transmitter. It won\'t work anymore.
So, what do you do if you desynchronize your transmitter by pushing the button on it 300 times, so
that the receiver no longer recognizes it? Most cars give you a way to resynchronize. Here is a typical
procedure:
? Turn the ignition key on and off eight times in less than 10 seconds. This tells the security system
in the car to switch over to programming mode.
? Press a button on all of the transmitters you want the car to recognize. Most cars allow at least
four transmitters.
? Switch the ignition off.
Given a 40-bit code, four transmitters and up to 256 levels of look-ahead in the seudo-random
number generator to avoid desynchronization, there is a one-in-a-billion chance of your transmitter
opening another car*s doors. When you take into account the fact that all car manufacturers use different
systems and that the newest systems use many more bits, you can see that it is nearly impossible for any
given key fob to open any other car door.
II. Translate the phrases and expressions into Chinese:
1. vehicle speed sensor 车速传感器
2. to set the desired speed 设置希望的车速
3. throttle actuator节气门执行器
4. rolling code 滚动码
5. controller chip 控制器芯片
6. requested function 请求功能
7. key fob钥匙坠大小的存储器
8. valid code有效代码
9. programming mode 编程模式
10. security system 平安系统UNIT 13 AUTOMOTIVE COMPUTERS AND
COMMUNICATION SYSTEMTEXT B
Automotive Network
/. Answer the following questions:
1. Explain what is meant by a “serial data stream”?
A serial data stream is a digitized code of ones and zeros that is known as a binary code.
2. What is a data bus network?
The wire or wires over which serial data is transmitted is referred to as a data bus network.
3. What is a pulse width modulated (PWM) serial data stream?
In general, a twisted pair data bus sends data in a fixed pulse width data stream. Each of the data
bits is the same length. Data bits that are strung together in this way are referred to as a pulse width
modulated (PWM) serial data stream.
4. The Society of Automotive Engineers (SAE) has divided the speed of serial data transfer for
automotive applications into three classes. What are they?
Class A is the slowest transmission rate with speeds less than 10 kbps. Class A networks are used
for low-priority data transmission, generally related to non-critical body control module
functions such as memory seats. Class B networks are mid-speed range networks with data
transmission speeds between 10 kbps and 125 kbps, generally related to less critical devices such
as HVAC, advanced lighting systems, and dash clusters. Class C networks have the fastest data
transmission rate with speeds up to 1 Mbps. Class C networks are the most expensive to produce
and are used for \"mission critical” data transmission that flow at \"real-time\" speeds. Examples
of Class C data include fuel control and ABS activation activity. The DLC is also connected to
the Class C network for improved on-board diagnostics.
5. What is called a node?
The CAN protocol uses smart sensors. Each component contains its own control unit
(microprocessor) called a \"node.”
6. Using the CAN protocol technology, the overall vehicle wiring harness size is greatly reduced.
Why?
Since the CAN protocol technology allows for many nodes on one set of wiring, the overall vehicle
wiring harness size is greatly reduced.
IL Translate the following paragraphs into Chinese
：
1. The twisted pair helps to eliminate the induction of electromagnetic interference (EMF), which
could disrupt or cloud the data signal.双绞线有助于消除电磁干扰，电磁干扰可能干扰 数据信号。
2. The data bus network eliminates the need to run hard wire from each sensor to each control
module. Instead, the information is shared on the bus network.数据总线网络消除了从每个传感 器到每个控制模块硬线的需要。相反，这些信息会在总线网络上共享。
3. The Controller Area Network (CAN) protocol is the latest serial bus communication network
used on OBDII systems and offers real-time control.控制器局域网协议是用于 OBD n系统的最新的串行总线通信网络，它可提供实时控制。
4. The low-speed version can operate at 125 kilobits per second (Kbps) and is used for body control
modules and passenger comfort features.低速版本可以以 125 千比特每秒(kbps)运行， 用于车身控制模块和乘客舒适功能。
5. The high-speed version can operate at 1 megabit per second (Mbps) and is used for powertrain
management systems, and operates in virtually real-time data rate transfer speeds. 高 速版本可以以1兆比特每秒的速度运行，并用于动力管理系统，并以几乎实时数据速率的传 输速度运行。
6. With CAN, a scan tool is capable of communicating directly with sensors, independently of the
PCM.使用CAN,故障扫描仪能够直接与传感器通信，独立于PCM之外。
UNIT 14 ELECTRIC AND AUTONOMOUS VEHICLES
TEXT B Autonomous VehiclesI .Answer the following questions:
1. Which devices are used for environment perception?
For environment perception, both image-based sensors like monocular and stereo cameras
(monochrome and color), and range sensing devices like RADAR and LIDAR are used.
2. Some typical measurements regarding the own vehicle are incorporated for a good estimation of
the motion. What are they?
To estimate the vehicle\'s motion, measurements from odometry and inertial sensors are
incorporated, supported mainly by global position measurements from GPS.
the following paragraphs into Chinese:
1. Three elements are common to all autonomous ground vehicles: sensors to perceive the
environment and the own movement, on-board computers, and actuators for vehicle control. 所有 自动驾驶地面车辆都有三个共同的元素：感知环境和自身运动的传感器、车载计算机和用于 车辆控制的执行器。
2. Actuators are necessary for closing the control loop, e.g., for steering wheel, brake, or throttle
control.闭合控制回路需要执行器，例如，用于方向盘、制动器或油门控制的执行器。
3. An imprecise localization of an autonomous vehicle might result in catastrophic behavior. The
vehicle could drive on the wrong side of the road, it could believe a goal position to be inside a large
obstacle, or it might even expect pedestrians crossing the road to be on the sidewalk. 自动 驾驶车辆定位不精确可能会导致灾难性的行为。车辆可能会在道路的错误的一侧行驶，它可 能认为目标位置在一个大障碍物内部，或者它甚至可能将穿过马路的行人误认为是在路边人 行道上。
UNIT 15 New Battery Electric Vehicles
TEXT B Layout Design of Battery Electric Commercial VehiclesI .Answer the following
questions:
1. What are the requirements for the vehicle layout of battery electric commercial vehicles ?
The vehicle layout of battery electric commercial vehicles should meet the requirements of safety,
environmental protection and related regulations and international practices, as well as the
corresponding functional and performance requirements.
2. Where is the electric drive system for typical layout of high-voltage parts of low-floor battery
electric vehicles arranged at?
The electric drive system is arranged at the bottom of the rear section.
the following paragraphs into Chinese:
1. The vehicle layout of battery electric commercial vehicles should meet the requirements of safety,
environmental protection and related regulations and international practices, as well as the corresponding
functional and performance requirements.
纯电动商用车的整车布置应满足平安、环保和相关法规、国际惯例要求，以及相应的功 能、性能要求。
2. Electric accessories, electric control unit is mainly concentrated in the vehicle under the last row
of seats and the rear high-voltage parts compartment, the electric control unit and the rear suiTound
should ensure a certain safety distance.
电附件、电控单元主耍集中布置在车辆末排座椅下方及后高压元器件舱体，电控单元与 后围保证一定的平安距离。
3. In addition, reliable mechanical and electrical connections need to be provided between the power
battery pack and the vehicle, and heat dissipation and insulation needs should be fully considered.
此外，动力电池组和整车之间需要提供可靠的机械和电气连接，并充分考虑散热和保温 需求。
5. Bluebird; Sunny; Infiniti 蓝鸟；阳光；英菲尼迪
6. Accord; Acura 雅阁；讴歌
7. Pajero; galant帕杰罗；格兰特
8. Passat; Golf帕萨特；高尔夫UNIT 2 ENGINE MECHANICAL
TEXT B Valve Systems
I .Answer the following questions：
1. List the components of the valve system.
Camshaft, valves, lifters
2. What are the advantages of a VVT system?
In essence, the system controls valve overlap, which means it can eliminate it completely for a
glass smooth idle, or maximize it to boost volumetric efficiency and reduce pumping losses-this translates
into power, economy and cleaner running at all engine speeds.
3. What are the advantages of an EVC system?
By controlling residual gases, minimizing pumping losses, and deactivating cylinders and valves,
this technology can reduce fuel consumption and pollutant emissions by 20%. Consumers will benefit
from enhanced performance from increases in low-end engine torque.
II. Translate the following terms into Chinese：
1. DOHC双顶置凸轮轴
2. top dead center(TDC)上止点
3. bottom dead center(BDC)下止点
4. valve timing 气门正时
5. timing belt 正时带
6. valve spring 气 门弹簧
7. timing marks 正式标t己
8. push rod 推杆
9. rocker arm 摇臂
10. variable valve timing ( VVT )可变气门定时UNIT 3 FUEL INJECTION SYSTEMS (1)
TEXT B Functions of the Motronic Systems
1. Answer the following questions:
1. What are the Motronic systems?
In simple terms, Motronic is an engine-management system with a single control unit for control
of ignition timing as well as fuel-injection.
2. What are the benefits of the Motronic systems?
Many of the sensors important for fuel injection are also needed for ignition-system control, so the
integration of the two systems can accomplish many things:
? Integrated control of fuel injection and ignition can manage the engine better than control of
either one alone. That is, timing is sometimes dependent on the air-fuel ratio, and vice versa; also,
emissions can be reduced by coordinated control.
? Engine control can be based on actual needs of each engine model based on large amounts of
engine-test data during different operating conditions stored in the Motronic Read Only Memory
(ROM)⑴
? Many additional operating functions can be provided. Important from the standpoint of service
are the adaptive functions, and the self-diagnostics for troubleshooting
? Motronic advantages are better driveability and fuel efficiency, and reduced emissions.
More specific benefits:
a. fuel savings achieved from best combination of mixture and timing
b. dependable starting, cold or hot
c. stable idling at reduced rpm
e. relative freedom from maintenance
f. good torque characteristics, allowing longer gear ratios
3. What are the benefits
of the sequential fuel injection?
In spite of its increased cost, you*ll see more pulsed Motronic sequential injection because:
? each individual injector pulse can be much longer than simultaneous injection, as long as 720°
crankshaft rotationless intake valve opening, permitting lower idle speeds
? less variation between cylinders in air-fuel ratio for smoother idle and reduced
emissions
? injector fuel-rail pressure is more constant because only one injector opens at a time, meaning
smoother operationimproved acceleration enrichment because it can be applied to the \"next cylinder\"
? soft rpm limitation by reducing fuel flow cylinder by cylinderIL Translate the
following sentences into Chinese:
1. In a mechanical system (and that includes electronic ignition), as rpm increases, centrifugal
weights advance timing.在机械式点火系统中(包括电子点火)，随着转速的增加，离心飞块 会使点火正时提前。
2. Mechanical timing has been patched with more vacuum hoses, temperature and delay valves, and
other servicing headaches.机械式正时调节要有更多的真空软管、温度控制阀和延 迟阀，因而会带来其他维修难题。
3. In Motronic systems, however, the control unit processes a number of inputs, and then adjusts
timing for all conditions based on its internal data map.然而， 在 Motronic 系统中， 控制 单元处理一些输入，然后根据其内部数据图对所有工作条件的正时加以调节。
4. By controlling dwell angle, the coil is charged properly for each ignition firing, no more, no less.通过控制闭合角，点火线圈在每次点火时都能正常充电，不多也不少。
5. Some people think \"sequential” means injecting the fuel just as the intake valve opens, but it is
not that simple.有些人认为“顺序”操作意味着仅在进气门翻开时喷射燃油，但这并不是 那么简单。
6. Most Motronics control idle rpm by a combination of the idle-speed stabilizer and ignition timing.大多数Motronic系统通过怠速稳定器和点火正时调节结构的组合来控制怠速转速。
UNIT 4 GASOLINE FUEL INJECTION (2)
TEXT B Operation of the Motronic System
/
? Translate the following sentences into Chinese:
1. With precise control of ignition timing and turbo boost, engines can be designed with higher
compression ratios for greater power output.随着点火定时和涡轮增压的精确控制,发动 机可以设计成具有更高的压缩比，以获得更大的功率输出。
2. For start control, the important inputs are rpm and engine temperature.对于启动控制， 重 要的输入是转速和发动机温度。
3. With a cold engine at low cranking speeds, timing will be controlled near TDC.在冷发动 机以低速运转的情况下，定时将控制在TDC附近。
4. A scope set to read four pulses for simultaneous injection for four cylinders shows the limitation
cutback of every other pulse, one pulse every other crankshaft revolution.对四个气缶工 采用同时喷射的情况，示波器读出的四个喷油脉冲信号说明，每隔一个脉冲就减少一个喷油 脉冲，即曲轴每隔一圈减少一个脉冲。
//. Translate the following paragraphs into Chinese:
1. Control of idle speed contributes to fuel economy and reduced emissions. Using many of the
same variables already input to the ECU, the control unit adjusts idle rpm by varying the amount of air
bypassing the throttle valve, as well as varying the ignition timing?控制怠速有助于 提高燃油经济性和减少排放。使用许多已经输入到ECU的相同变量，控制单元通过改变绕 过节气门的空气量以及改变点火定时来调整怠速转速。
2. Other engine-management functions may be included in the control unit functions. For example,
some Motronic systems control the opening and closing of the fuel-vapor charcoal canister purge valve.控制单元功能中还可包括其他发动机管理功能。例如，一些Motronic系 统控制燃料蒸汽炭罐净化阀的翻开和关闭。
UNIT 5 DIESEL FUEL INJECTI ON
TEXT B A New Electronically Controlled Fuel Injection System for
Diesel Engines
/
? Answer the following questions:
1. What are the basic parts of the ECD-U2 system?
The ECD-U2 system comprises high pressure supply pump, common-rail, injectors and ECU and
sensors to control these components.
2. What are the advantages of the ECD-U2 system?
advantages for the engine on which the system is to be installed:
- Excellent mountability because no extra camshaft is required for the engine.
- Engine pump drive components can be designed with ease and noise is reduced because both
mean and peak pump drive torque are lower than those of an in-line pump.
- The system can be serviced in the same manner as those of conventional in-line pumps.
- The system is adaptable to various engines only with a slight modification of the nozzle holder
design.
3. With the ECD-U2 system, various injection rate pattern controls are available. What are they?
(1) Delta type: pattern of gradual rise and sharp cut.
(2) Pilot type: pattern where a pilot injection of a small quantity is performed before main injection.
(3) Boot type: pattern where the pilot injection is integral with main injection to form a shape like
the tee of a boot.
IL Translate the following terms into Chinese :
1. fuel consumption 燃油消耗
2. emissions regulations 排放法规
3. injection rate 喷油速率
4. common-rail 共轨
5. pulse width 脉宽
6. command chamber 指令室
7. targeted injection quantity 目标喷油量
8. one-way orifice 单向节流阀UNIT 6 ENGINE ELECTRICAL SYSTEMS
TEXT B Direct Ignition Systems and Electronic Triggering
Devices
/. Answer the following questions:
1. What are the purposes of electronic triggering devices?
Electronic triggering devices send a signal current to the ignition module, which then breaks the
primary circuit.
2. What are the three types of electronic triggering devices?
There are three types of triggering devices currently in use: magnetic, Hall effect and optical.
3. What are the advantages of direct ignition system?
The direct ignition system (DIS) utilizes a coil tower that is installed onto a cover plate and plug
boots that fit directly onto the spark plugs.
4. What is independent ignition system?
The independent ignition system is also known as a coil-on-plug system or coil-near-plug and uses
one coil for each cylinder. The independent ignition system mounts an ignition coil as an assembly
directly to a spark plug or near the spark plug with a very short secondary ignition wire.
5. What are the advantages of independent ignition system?
The independent ignition system offers greater reliability and a lower incidence of cylinder misfires
compared to past ignition systems.
The coil on plug design allows for increased coil saturation time between cylinder firing. Coil
saturation time is the period when current flows through the primary windings, increasing the magnetic
field generated, and thereby increasing the secondary voltage when required \"L Misfires are more likely
to occur under higher engine speeds and increased load conditions. The ability to increase firing voltage
when required lowers the risk of intermittent misfires.
6. What are the stationary and rotating assemblies of the three types of electronic triggering devices,
respectively?
II. Choose the best answer for each of the following:
1. The primary job of the ignition coil is c.
a. to reduce primary voltage.
b. to reduce secondary voltage.
c. to convert low voltage into high voltage.
d. to convert high voltage into low voltage.
2. A high-voltage diode is used in the secondary circuit of the coil assembly for d.
a. rapid build-up of the primary ignition voltage.
b. rapid cutoff of the primary ignition voltage.
c. rapid build-up of the secondary ignition voltage.
d. rapid cutoff of the secondary ignition voltage.
3. The optical sensor is usually located a.
a. in the distributor.
b. in the fuel pressure regulator.
c. in the ignition coil.
d. on the ignition module.
4. In an independent ignition system with integrated ignition modules into each coil assembly, the
PCM uses the ignition confirmation signal to determine a.
a. if a coil is not operating.
b. if a spark plug is faulty.
c. if the crankshaft position sensor is not operating.
d. if the optical sensor is not operating.
UNIT 7 EMISSION CONTROL SYSTEMS
TEXT B Three-way Catalytic Converter and NOx Catalyst
/
? Answer the following questions:
1. What is referred to as the conversion efficiency of the catalyst?
The efficiency to convert HC into H2O and CO2 is referred to as the conversion efficiency of the
catalyst.
2. What are the catalyst materials in the TWC?
Modern catalytic converters utilize a three-way catalyst ceramic block substrate containing
platinum, palladium, and rhodium as the catalyst material.
3. When are three-way catalysts most efficient?
Three-way catalysts are most efficient when the air-fuel ratio is maintained at 14.7:1, the
stoichiometric point.
4. What is the purpose of a catalyst efficiency monitor?
To verify the catalysts ability and efficiency to convert HC into H2O and CO2.
5. Which elements can result in chemical poisoning of catalysts?
Chemical poisoning can result from lead (Pb); phosphorus (P) which may be contained in fuel or
oil additives; sulfur (S) contained in fuel; zinc (Zn) contained in oil additives; and silicon (Si) from RTV
sealant and spray lubricants that have entered the combustion chamber or exhaust system, as well as
silicon-contaminated fuel.
II. Put the following paragraphs into Chinese:
1. Operation of a Three-Way Converter
Exhaust gases pass first into the reducing catalyst. Levels of oxides of nitrogen are reduced. There
is also some oxidizing of hydrocarbons and carbon monoxide. The air injection system forces air into the
passage between the catalyst beds. This adds oxygen to the exhaust gases, allowing a high oxidization
heat level.
As the exhaust gases encounter the second oxidizing catalyst, tremendous heat is created and the
resultant oxidizing process changes the carbon monoxide and hydrocarbons into water vapor and carbon
dioxide.
1 .三元催化转化器的操作
废气首先进入还原催化剂。氮氧化物的水平降低了。还有一些碳氢化合物和一氧化碳 的氧化了。空气喷射系统迫使空气进入催化剂床之间的通道。这将在废气中添加氧气，实现 高的氧化温度水平。
当废气遇到第二氧化催化剂时，会产生大量的热，由此产生的氧化过程会使一氧化碳 和碳氢化合物变成水蒸气和二氧化碳。
2. Multiple Converters
Some vehicles have two catalytic converters, in these systems, one converter, which is often quite
small, is located very close to the exhaust manifold. The other converter is larger and is located
downstream in the exhaust system between the manifold and muffler. Vehicles with V-type engines may
have two identical converters (one near each exhaust manifold) instead of a single converter located after
the pipes join.
3. .多重转化器
有些车辆有两个催化转化器，在这些系统中，一个转化器位于非常靠近排气歧管的位 置，其体积通常非常小。另一个转化器位于歧管与消声器之间的排气系统的下游，并且体积 较大。配备V型发动机的车辆可以有两个相同的转换器(靠近每个排气歧管的位置各有一 个)，而不是位于排气管接头后的单个转化器。
UNIT 8 CLUTCHES, MANUAL TRANSMISSIONS
AND DRIVE LINE
TEXT B Drive Line
I. Answer the following questions:
1. There are two basic CV joint types. What are they?
There are two basic CV joint types: tripod and Rzeppa (also called ball and channel) type, both of
these are constant velocity designs.
2. What are the purposes of the final drive?
The ring and pinion gears are used to transfer the engine power from the drive shaft to the rear wheels.
In addition to transferring power, the ring and pinion must cause the power to make a 90° turn between
the drive shaft and wheels.
3. What are the main parts of a differential?
the ring gear, pinion gear, the differential pinion shaft, differential case, side gears.
4. What is the basic principle of the limited-slip differential?
Most limited-slip differentials employ the principle of friction to provide some resistance to
normal differential action.
II. Choose the best answer for each of the followings:
2.1 n the cross and roller universal joint, the bearing cap rollers surround the cross ends. These
cross ends are called b.
a. pinions
b. trunnions
c. studs
d. shafts
1. A front-wheel drive vehicle are equipped with d.
a. only one CV joint
b. two CV joints
c. one inboard CV joint and one outboard CV joint.
d. four CV joint
3. The differential b are splined to the axles.
a. pinion gears
b. side gears
c. case
d. pinion shaft
4. A friction clutch plate limited-slip differential will drive the a when one wheelbegins to slip.
a. stationary side gears
b. turning side gears
c. differential case
d. turning pinion gearsUNIT 9 AUTOMATIC TRANSMISSIONS
TEXT B Continuously Variable Transmissions?
AutomatedManual Transmissions and Double Clutch
Transmissions
/ ? Answer the following questions:
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