ford公司简介中英文

2023年11月22日发(作者：奥迪a3多少钱一辆2021)

ford公司简介中英文

1899年亨利福特离开爱迪生照明公司加入底特律汽车公司，但此公司1900

年即倒闭。1901年亨利福特与Childe 合资成立亨利福特公司，但与其他投资人

不合没多久即离开，该公司在亨利?李兰入股后改名为凯迪拉克(Cadillac)汽车

公司。后来亨利福特制造的赛车在1902年获胜并创下美国新纪录，1903年6月

16日一位煤碳商马康森和其会计高任思因此与亨利福特合资成立今日的福特汽

车。福特向道奇兄弟购买汽车底盘搭配自己的双气缸水平对卧引擎，开始福特汽

车的生产。福特用来自十二位投资者的28000美金在一个原先制造马车的工厂里

开始了他的事业。当时汽车的生产方式是以两到三个工人为一组，从零件制造到

销售订单都是由一组工人负责到底。因此最开始的日子里，福特公司生产效率比

较低下，每天只能生产几部车。1906年，创办人之一的马康森售出股份予福特，

退出经营。

1908年，福特汽车公司开始发行福特T型车。最早的一批T型车都是在皮科

特制造车间完成装配，后来公司将生产部分移动到空间更大的高地公园

(Highland Park)的车间来满足市场对于T型车源源不断的需求。在1913年公司

已经发展出一套较完整的装配线和大规模生产技术。福特汽车主管将原先的装配

线发展成为了由机械传送带来运输零件让工人进行组装。这个创新将原先装配底

盘所需的12个小时30分钟的时间减少到2个小时40分钟。值得注意的是，福

特汽车只是将装配线生产模式引进到汽车生产业，而非发明者。实际上装配线生

产法可能最先出现在秦始皇大量制造兵马俑时期，16世纪初期威尼斯也有厂商

使用装配线快速造船，1801年英国有零件供应商使用装配线生产英国海军所需

的零件。在美国第一个使用装配线进行生产作业是Oldsmobile汽车创办人兰塞

姆·奥茨（Ransom Olds），他也将装配线生产的方法登记专利，之后福特汽车另

外独立发展装配线生产方法。

福特生产流水线 (1913)机械传送带在当时并没有立刻取得成效，而且工人的

失误率相当高，然而失误就意味着更多的生产延误以及更多对工人进行培训所需

的额外支出，还有就是要使用干活较慢的工人。在1914年1月，通过将工资加

倍（从美金/小时到5美金/小时），缩短工作时间（每天工作8小时），并设立专

门负责雇佣工人的人员后，困扰公司多年的生产效率低下的问题就迎刃而解了。

员工失误率大幅下降，公司生产力也随之腾飞。随着制造车子的速度越来越快，

每辆车的售价也开始快速下跌。福特不断地对他的汽车产品进行降价，由原先

850美金一辆车的价钱降至360美金[1]。并首先发明了授权经销商的概念与体

系，让那些经销商来为他大量销售这些便宜的汽车。

1916年福特汽车获利极高，公司手中保留盈余高达一亿一千两百万美元。福

特决定花钱在扩大产量上，却引起持股百分之十的主要股东道奇兄弟不满，道奇

兄弟认为企业盈余应先分配给股东，当时持股达八成的亨利福特反对，道奇兄弟

因此告上法院。1919年密歇根州最高法院判决道奇兄弟胜诉，判决指出企业设

立的目的在为股东谋利，企业董事也不可改变这项基本目的。此判决日后成为企

业是否要负社会责任等其他目的之争论焦点。

截至1913年底，全美国有50%的汽车都是福特公司生产的。然而至1918年

底，全美国的汽车有一半都是T型车。当时绝大部分T型车的颜色都是清一色的

黑色，基本没

有什么其他颜色可供选择。据传亨利·福特有一句名言：“顾客可以选择他

想要的任何一种颜色，只要它是黑色。”意思就是顾客只能够购买黑色的T型车。

亨利·福特并不是对黑色有什么特殊癖好，其坚持黑色的真正原因在于黑色油漆

干燥得快，可以使汽车在落地后第一时间能够被卖出去。这也算是亨利·福特追

求生产效率的极端表现之一。

1919年，时任总经理的另一创办人高任思退出福特汽车。同年，亨利福特的

独子埃兹尔·福特(Edsel Ford)继承他父亲公司总裁的职位，但是亨利·福特仍

然可干涉公司的管理且始终具有其影响力。虽然高效率的生产使公司产品的价格

一直较低，但由于公司内部不与时俱进的家长式管理以及对高端消费者市场的忽

略，福特公司在美国开始逐渐失去汽车市场份额。通用汽车、克莱斯勒以及其他

小型的竞争企业开始为消费者提供与T型车相比拥有更多豪华设备的汽车。比如

说通用在当时就有各种价位的车型，将高低端市场一*打尽；另一方面，经济拮

据的人也不再会直接从福特公司购买T型车，而是转而购买二十多甚至十多美金

就能买到的二手的T型车。与此同时，这些竞争者又通过实行分期付款的形式使

消费者能够在每个月只交一笔钱的情况下能买到原先支付不起的昂贵车辆。福特

强烈反对这种消费方式，他认为这种消费最终将使国家经济以及消费者陷入窘

局。但福特最终还是做了让步，并在风靡一时的T型车生产至第一千五百万部时

宣布停产该车型，转而生产全新的车型A型车(Model A)。

1925年，福特公司收购了林肯汽车公司(Lincoln Motor pany)，从而开始打

入高档车市场。1935年，水星汽车(Mercury)在埃兹尔·福特提议下成立，主要

生产中价位的的汽车。[2]

亨利·福特的孙子亨利·福特二世(Henry Ford II)在1945年至1960年期间

担任福特汽车公司总裁，且在1960年至1980年期间担任公司董事长暨执行长。

虽然福特公司于1956年上市成为美国股票上市企业，福特家族仍通过占据大量

B级优先股保持其在公司40%左右的控制权益，这在股票公开上市企业中是相当

大的比率。

福特汽车工程副总裁麦佛逊先生发明的麦佛逊（香港、台湾译为“麦花臣”）

支柱底盘悬吊系统（MacPherson Strut）是今日汽车界最广为使用的底盘悬吊系

统。

1998年，福特汽车创下一年获利超过两百二十亿美元的世界纪录。此纪录

202X年才因油价大涨而被艾克森美孚（Exxon Mobil）石油公司以两百五十三亿

美元净利所超越。

1999年全球133名汽车业记者评选出福特T型车作为20世纪的世纪代表车

(Car of The Century)。

福特汽车总部，通称“玻璃屋”（Gla House）。202X年，福特汽车渡过其100

年周年纪念，其现任董事长是亨利·福特的曾孙小威廉·克莱·福特（即比

尔·福特）(William Clay Ford, Jr.)。

202X年，在《.Power》美国新车品质调查中，福特是获得最多奖项的车厂，

有五款车是同级车第一，十四款车在前三名。 202X年4月1日，福特香港代理

商由森那美转往英之杰，并且把亚洲总部由荃湾青山道迁往湾仔。

History of Ford Motor pany

Henry Ford ()

A 1910 Model T, photographed in Salt Lake CityMain article: History

of Ford Motor pany

20th centuryHenry Ford’s first attempt at a car pany under his own

name was the Henry Ford pany on November 3, 1901, which became the Cadillac

Motor pany on August 22, 1902 after Ford left with the rights to his Ford

Motor pany was launched in a converted factory in 1903 with $28,000 in

cash from twelve investors, most notably John and Horace Dodge (who would

later found their own car pany).During its early years, the pany produced

just a few cars a day at its factory on Mack Avenue in Detroit, of two

or three men worked on each car, aembling it from parts made mostly by

supplier panies contracting for a decade the pany would lead the world

in the expansion and refinement of the aembly line concept; and Ford soon

brought much of the part production in-house in a vertical integration

that seemed a better path for the era.

Henry Ford was 40 years old when he founded the Ford Motor pany, which

would go on to bee one of the world’s largest and most profitable panies,

as well as being one to survive the Great one of the largest

family-controlled panies in the world, the Ford Motor pany has been in

continuous family control for over 100 years.

In 1908 Ford introduced the first engine with a removable cylinder head,

in the Model 1930, Ford introduced the Model A, the first car with safety

gla in the windshield.[8] Ford launched the first low priced V8 engine

powered car in 1932.

Ford offered the Lifeguard safety package from 1956, which included

such innovations as a standard deep-dish steering wheel, optional front,

and, for the first time in a car, rear seatbelts, and an optional padded

dash.[9] Ford introduced child-proof door locks into its products in 1957,

and in the same year offered the first retractable hardtop on a ma-produced

six-seater Ford Mustang was introduced in 1965 Ford introduced the seat

belt reminder light.

With the 1980s, Ford introduced several highly succeful vehicles

around the 1990 and 1994 respectively, Ford also acquired Jaguar Cars

and Aston Martin.[10] During the mid- to late 1990s, Ford continued to

sell large numbers of vehicles, in a booming American economy with a

soaring stock market and low fuel prices.

With the dawn of the new century, legacy healthcare costs, higher fuel

prices, and a faltering economy led to falling market shares, declining

sales, and diminished profit of the corporate profits came from

financing consumer automobile loans through Ford Motor Credit pany.[11]

21st century

William Clay Ford, Jr., great-grandson of Henry Ford, serves as the

executive chairman at the board of Ford Motor 202X, both Ford and GM’s

corporate bonds had been downgraded to junk status,[12] as a result of

high .health care costs for an aging workforce, soaring gasoline prices,

eroding market share, and an over dependence on declining SUV margins

decreased on large vehicles due to increased ”incentives” (in the form

of rebates or low interest financing) to offset declining demand.[13] In

the latter half of 202X, Chairman Bill Ford asked newly appointed Ford

Americas Division President Mark Fields to develop a plan to return the

pany to previewed the Plan, named The Way Forward, at the December 7,

202X board meeting of the pany and it was unveiled to the public on January

23, 202X.”The Way Forward” included resizing the pany to match market

realities, dropping some unprofitable and inefficient models,

consolidating production lines, closing 14 factories and cutting 30,000

jobs.[14]

Ford moved to introduce a range of new vehicles, including ”Croover

SUVs” built on unibody car platforms, rather than more body-on-frame

developing the hybrid electric powertrain technologies for the Ford

Escape Hybrid SUV, Ford licensed similar Toyota hybrid technologies[15]

to avoid patent infringements.[16] Ford announced that it will team up

with electricity supply pany Southern California Edison (SCE) to examine

the future of plug-in hybrids in terms of how home and vehicle energy

systems will work with the electrical the multi-million-dollar,

multi-year project, Ford will convert a demonstration fleet of Ford Escape

Hybrids into plug-in hybrids, and SCE will evaluate how the vehicles might

interact with the home and the utility’s electrical of the vehicles

will be evaluated ”in typical customer settings”, according to

Ford.[17][18]

Bill Ford was appointed Executive Chairman in 1998, and also became

Chief Executive Officer of the pany in 202X, with the departure of Jacques

the retirement of President and Chief Operation Officer Jim Padilla in

April 202X, Bill Ford aumed his roles as months later, in September, Ford

named Alan Mulally as President and CEO, with Ford continuing as Executive

December 202X, the pany raised its borrowing capacity to about $25 billion,

placing substantially all corporate aets as collateral.[19] Chairman Bill

Ford has stated that ”bankruptcy is not an option”.[20] Ford and the

United Auto Workers, representing approximately 46,000 hourly workers in

North America, agreed to a historic contract settlement in November 202X

giving the pany a substantial break in terms of its ongoing retiree health

care costs and other economic agreement included the establishment of

a pany-funded, independently run Voluntary Employee Beneficiary

Aociation (VEBA) trust to shift the burden of retiree health care from

the pany’s books, thereby improving its balance arrangement took

effect on January 1, a sign of its currently strong cash position, Ford

contributed its entire current liability (estimated at approximately

US$ billion as of December 31, 202X) to the VEBA in cash, and also pre-paid

US$500 million of its future liabilities to the agreement also gives

hourly workers the job security they were seeking by having the pany mit

to substantial investments in most of its factories.

The automaker reported the largest annual lo in pany history in 202X

of $ billion,[21] and estimated that it would not return to profitability

until 202X.[22] However, Ford surprised Wall Street in the second quarter

of 202X by posting a $750 million the gains, the pany finished the year

with a $ billion lo, largely attributed to finance restructuring at

Volvo.[23]

On June 2, 202X, Ford sold its Jaguar and Land Rover operations to Tata

Motors for $ billion.[24][25]

During November 202X, Ford, together with Chrysler and General Motors,

sought government bridge loans at Congreional hearings in Washington, .in

the face of conditions caused by the 202X financial three panies

presented action plans for the sustainability of the opted not to seek

government loans.[26] GM and Chrysler received government loans and

financing through ..legislation funding provisions.[27] On December 19,

the cost of credit default swaps to insure the debt of Ford was 68 percent

the sum insured for five years in addition to annual payments of 5 meant

$ million paid upfront to insure $10 million in debt, in addition to

payments of $500,000 per year.[28] In January 202X, Ford reported a

$ billion lo in the preceding year, a record for the pany retained

sufficient liquidity to fund its April 202X, Ford’s strategy of debt

for equity exchanges, erased $ billion in liabilities (28% of its total),

in order to leverage its cash position.[29] These actions yielded Ford

a $ billion profit in fiscal year 202X, the pany’s first full-year profit

in four years.[30]

In 202X, Ford’s corporate bonds were upgraded from junk to investment

grade again, citing sustainable, lasting improvements.