2024年3月7日发(作者：大众带字母辉腾)
Part I Paras1-5
Para 1 1 tedious: a. boring and continuing for too long冗长乏味的
Telling the story has become tedious, as I have done it so many times. 讲述这个故事已变得单调乏味，因为我已经讲了这么多次了。
oddity: n. [C] a strange or unusual person or thing 怪人；怪物；奇特的东西
With his neat suits on, he felt like an oddity walking in this poor neighborhood. 穿着笔挺的西装走在这个贫民区里，他觉得自己就像个怪物。
be / feel obliged to do sth.: if you are obliged to do sth., you have to do it because the situation, the law, a duty, etc. makes
it necessary（因形势、法律、义务等关系而）非做不可，迫使
I think Valentine’s Day is a waste of time, but I still feel obliged to send my wife a card. 我觉得情人节是在浪费时间，但我还是觉得有义务送贺卡给我妻子。
Usage NOTE
The word oblige is most commonly used in the expression be / feel obliged.
1 be / feel obliged to do sth.指“感到有责任做某事”。
例如：He felt obliged to help his mother, even if it meant leaving college. 他觉得有责任帮助母亲，即使这意味着他要离开大学。
2 be / feel obliged to sb. / sth. 指“对某人或某事心存感激”。例如：
Thank you very much, doctor. I am extremely obliged to you. 医生，非常谢谢您。对您，我深表感谢。
allergic: a.
1) (be ~ to sth.) (infml) if you are allergic to sth.,you do not like it and try to avoid it 不喜欢某事； 对某事反感
Most men are allergic to housework. 大多数男人都不喜欢做家务。
2) having an allergy 过敏的
I do not enjoy picnics because I am allergicto grass. 我不喜欢野餐，因为我对草过敏。
2 I think I got serious about this only recently when I ran into one of my former students, fresh from an excursion to Europe.
(Para. 2)
get / be serious about: if you are serious about sth., you really mean it and are not joking or pretending 对…是认真的；并非开玩笑的
When you are staying with your roommates, you cannot get too serious about privacy. 你和你的室友相处的时候，不能太计较隐私。
run into sb.: (infml.) meet sb. by chance 偶然遇见某人
You forgot all about your cousin’s birthday until you suddenly ran into her today. 要不是你今天偶然遇见了你表姐，你已全然忘记了她的生日。
fresh from: having just come from a particular place or experience 刚从…来的；刚有…经历的
School principals should not expect teachers, fresh from college, to deal with a large group of difficult children.学校的校长不应该指望刚从大学毕业的老师来应付一大群难以对付的孩子。
3 She nodded three or four times, searched the heavens for the right words, and then exclaimed, “It was, like, whoa!”
(Para. 3)
Meaning beyond words: Since the student was not quite sure how to exactly describe her travel experience, the tone of the
author is somewhat sarcastic. The author intended to send out the message that the student was incompetent regarding
the selection of her English vocabulary.
search somewhere for sth.: try to find sth. In some place 在某地方搜寻某物
The robber reached out and searched the back pocket of my trousers for anything valuable. 那个盗贼伸
手搜我裤子后面的口袋以寻找值钱的东西。
Note The heavens means “the sky”. Here “search the heavens for the right words” implies the student tried hard to
find suitable words to describe what she saw and experienced when traveling in Europe.
4 The civilization of Greece and the glory of Roman architecture were captured in a condensed nonstatement.(Para. 4)
Meaning: The civilization of Greece and the glory of Roman architecture were just described in one word rather than a
complete statement because of her inability to choose appropriate words to express herself.
capture: vt.
1) succeed in recording, showing, or describing a situation or feeling, using words or pictures
（用文字或图片）记录下，描述，捕捉
Some artists are able to catch a likeness in a sketch while others are gifted to capture a fleeting expression. 有些艺术家能画出酷似某人的肖像，而另一些则善于捕捉到稍纵即逝的表情。
2) catch a person and keep them as a prisoner 俘虏；逮捕
Government troops have succeeded in capturing the rebel leader. 政府军已经成功捕获叛乱分子的头目。
condense: vt. make sth. that is spoken or written shorter 将（讲话或文章）压缩
The whole chapter could be condensed into a few paragraphs. 这一整章可以压缩成几个段落。
condensed: a. being made shorter, usu. including only the most important parts 压缩的
The council was merely given a condensed version of what had already been disclosed in Washington.该理事会得到的只是已在华盛顿披露的内容的浓缩版。
7 My student’s “whoa!” was exceeded only by my head-shaking distress. (Para. 4)
Meaning: My head-shaking distress at her inability to express properly was even greater than her slang term whoa, one
word, which did not make any statement to describe the civilization of Greece and the glory of Roman architecture.
Meaning beyond words: The word exceed states explicitly that the author’s worry about his student’s language inability
was much more intense than her excitement.
exceed: vt. (fml.) be more than a particular number or amount 超过；超出
You’ll have to pay extra money if you exceed your luggage allowance. 如果你的行李超重，你必须额外付费。
distress: n. [U] a feeling of extreme unhappiness 忧虑；苦恼；悲伤
She had five years of active and happy life in the hospital before she died, without much pain or distress from cancer. 她过世前在医院过了五年积极而快乐的生活，并没有因为患癌症而遭受多大的痛苦或忧伤。
9 Surely students should be able to distinguish between their / there / they’re or the distinctive difference between
complimentary and complementary . (Para. 5)
distinguish: v. recognize the differences between things 区分；辨别
A formal education with emphasis on history, literature, and culture helps a person learn how to distinguish right from wrong.
着重于历史、文学和文化的正规教育能帮助一个人学习如何明辨是非。
distinguish between: recognize and understand the difference between two or more things or people 区分；辨别
The ability to read in a critical way involves the ability to distinguish between facts and the writer’s opinions or
interpretations. 批判性阅读能力包括区分什么是事实、什么是作者自己的看法或解释的能力。
distinctive: a. easy to recognize because of being different from other people or things of the same type 与众不同的；特殊的；特别的
The distinctive design of a product provides a powerful competitive advantage over other products. 一个独特的产品设计具有比其他产品更强有力的竞争优势。
Usage NOTE
distinguished, distinctive, distinct这三个词词形相近，但意思有很大的差别，不能互换使用。
1 distinguished 指“卓越的；杰出的；著名的”。例如：
His grandfather had been a distinguished university professor. 他的祖父曾是一位杰出的大学教授。
2 distinctive 指“（特征、性格或外表）独特的，有明显不同的”。强调 “ 表示差别的”、“有特色的”、“特
殊的”。例如：
Irene had a very distinctive voice. 艾琳有一个非常独特的声音。
3 distinct 表示“分明的；明了的；清楚的”。例如：
I have the distinct feeling that my friend did not realize what was happening. 我明显感到我朋友并未察觉所发生的一切。
distinct 的另一个词义是“明显不同的；有区别的”。例如：
Our interests were quite distinct from those ofthem. 我们的兴趣与他们的兴趣截然不同。
现将distinct 和distinctive 用在一个句子里，以便区分：One of the distinctive features of this book is its
distinct illustrations. 这本书很明显的特点之一就是其具有清楚明了的图解。
PartII Paras6-13
Paras6-10
11 nail sth. down:
1) fasten sth. to sth. else with nails 钉；将某物钉牢Will you nail down that loose board in the floor? 请把那块松动的地板钉牢好吗？
2) (infml.) reach a final and definite agreement or decision about sth. 最终确定；对某事作出定论
Two days isn’t enough to nail down the details of an agreement. 要把协议的所有细节都确定下来，两天的时间是不够的。
thrust sth. upon / on sb.: (usu. passive) force sb. to do or accept sth. 迫使某人做某事；迫使某人接受某事
She never enjoyed the fame that was thrust on her. 对于强加给她的名声，她从未感到过开心。
proficiency: n. [U] a good standard of ability and skill 熟练；精通
Evidence of basic proficiency in English is part of the admission requirements. 具备基本的英语技能是入学要求的一部分。
18 Schools fail to adequately teach the essential framework of language, accurate grammar and proper vocabulary, while
they should take the responsibility of pushing the young onto the path of competent communication. (Para. 7)
adequate: a. enough in quantity or of a good enough quality for a particular purpose 足够的；
充分的；合乎需要的
People accused the governor of failing to take adequate measures which could have prevented the disaster. 人们指责该州长对本来可以避免的灾难没有采取充分的措施。
Usage NOTE adequate, abundant
1 adequate表示“在数量或质量上足以满足特定的标准”，强调刚好够用、没有多余。例如：
He doesn’t earn a large salary but it is adequate for his needs. 他挣钱不多，但也够用了。
2 abundant表示“充裕；绰绰有余”，强调数量很多或充足有余。例如：
We save abundant proof of his guilt. 我们有他犯罪的充分证据。
adequately: ad. 足够地；充分地
Some students are not adequately prepared for higher education. 有的学生没有充分地准备好接受高等教育。
competent: a. having enough skills or
22 Curious about my correction, he asked me what an adverb was. Slowly, I said, “It’s a word that tells you something
about a verb.” It led to his asking me what a verb was. I explained, “Verbs are action words; for example, Dad drives the
truck. Drive is the verb because it’s the thing Dad is doing.” (Para. 9)
Meaning beyond words: The boy was very alert to something new or interesting. His learning experience illustrates that
learning grammar is not necessarily boring.
23 Then, out of his own curiosity, he asked me if other words had names for their use and functions. (Para. 10)
out of curiosity: because of curiosity出于好奇
She decided to follow him out of curiosity. 出于好奇，她决定跟踪他。
function:
n. [C, U] the purpose that sth. has, or the job that sb. or sth. does （事物的）功能，作用；（某人的）职责
One of the chief functions of education is to equip future citizens with their places in society.
教育的主要职能之一是帮助未来的公民在社会上找到自己的位置。
vi. work or operate in the correct way 正常工作；正常运转
If the Internet stopped functioning, the consequent losses could be measured in tens of billions of dollars. 如果因特网停止运作，由此产生的损失可用数百亿美元来衡量。
Paras 11-13
25 Perhaps, language should be looked upon as a road map and a valuable possession: often study the road map (check
grammar) and tune up the car engine (adjust vocabulary). Learning grammar and a good vocabulary is just like driving with
a road map in a well-conditioned car. (Para. 11)
Meaning beyond words: The road map and the car are used metaphorically to mean that grammar and vocabulary are
powerful devices that will enable you to freely explore in the language world.
look upon sb. / sth. as: consider sb. or sth. in a particular way, or as a particular thing 把某人/某物看作
We had established a general opinion which looked upon corruption in public office as a threat to society. 我们达成了一个共识：把公职腐败视为对社会的威胁。
tune: vt.
1) 调整，调节（发动机）使达到最佳状态
In order to keep drivers safe, mechanics are urged to make sure that car engines are properly tuned up. 为了保证司机的安全，一定要敦促机械师确保汽车发动机已调整好。
2)为（乐器）调音，定弦
Someone is coming tomorrow to tune the piano. 明天会有人来给钢琴调音。
24 guidance you need for your trip, but it won’t tell you exactly what trees or flowers you will see, what kind of people you
will encounter, or what types of feelings you will be experiencing on your journey. (Para. 12)
Meaning beyond words: The road map can only give you the direction you need for your trip, but it’s impossible for you
to predict what kind of trip it will be ahead of you.
28 Equipped with grammar and a good vocabulary, you have flexibility and excellent control. (Para. 12)
Meaning beyond words: Just as traveling with a road map and a good car, with the help of grammar knowledge and a large
vocabulary, you will feel more comfortable and confident when using the English language.
be equipped with sth.: be provided with the things that are needed for a particular kind of activity or work 以…为装备；配备…
All dormitory rooms are equipped with high speed Internet access.宿舍所有的房间都配备了高速互联网。
30 Effective, precise, and beneficial communication depends upon grammar and a good vocabulary, the two essential assets
for students, but they are not being taught in schools. (Para. 13)
Meaning: Grammar and a good vocabulary are the two basic and valuable tools that help students to achieve successful,
exact, and advantageous communication, but unfortunately students are not being taught how to use them in schools.
precise: a. exact, clear and correct 精确的；准确的
In preparing scientific reports, a student should explain his findings in precise language. 在准备科学报告时，学生应该用精确的语言来解释他的发现。
beneficial: a. having a good effect 有利的；有帮助的；有用的
The researcher is attempting to show how parents can have beneficial conversations with their children. 这位研究者正试图示范父母可以如何跟他们的孩子展开有益的对话。
32 “Oh my!” I said, swelling with pride toward my son, “That’s a grammatically perfect sentence. You used were instead
of was.” (Para. 15)
Meaning beyond words: The father was extremely happy and impressed by his son’s good English.
Note “Oh my!” is often heard in an informal conversation. Not infrequently, you also hear people say “Oh my goodness!”
or “Oh my Gosh!”. All these can be used when people show surprise, excitement, boredom, or distress. The sense can
be either positive or negative, and it is based on the speaker’s tone and the situation in which it is used.
swell with pride / anger, etc.: feel extremely
proud / angry, etc. 洋洋得意/ 怒气冲冲等
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