学术写作中常用高级用词替换

2024年2月14日发(作者：urv本田图片和报价)

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常用词的学术替换

动词替换：

e 提高：

Promote: 促进AC之间的贸易promote the trade between A and C; He was promoted to

senior manager in this company.

Advance: our understanding of human genetics has considerably(非常的，可换做vastly)

advanced.

Enhance: the publicity has enhanced his reputation.这次宣传提高了他的名望

改变：

Transform:多指改头换面，完全改变，不能用于形容slight change。说到人口变化：the

increasing population has transformed the landscape and structure of local industry

structure.人口剧增改变了小镇的景色以及当地的工业结构

ize 强调：

Highlight：the report highlight the decline in the numbers of native(可以换作local) plants

and insects.

Stress: He stresses the need for parents to listen to their children.

Accentuate: the crisis accentuates the gap between rich and poor.

(highlight and emphasize 的区别：highlight是告诉人们重点，因而能够让别人注意，类似于老师勾重点；而emphasize则是使重点清晰，不管别人是否能注意得到。而stress则和emphasize差不多)

p培养：

Cultivate: cultivate the ability of … ；培养情操；cultivate a more relaxed and positive way

towards life.

Nurture: 养育，同样可以指培养人才（talents）the sea nutures ample marine animals.

破坏：

Impair：impair ability; 主要是破坏能力，莫乱用。

Undermine这个词也是指的是抽象意义上的破坏，有逐渐削弱之意，重点是循序渐进的过程。Undermine one’s ability/confidence/authority/position/credibility

Jeopardize: 不能乱用，破坏的东西要上一定的等级才能配上此词。比如Jeopardize the

process of peace.破坏和平进程

Devastate特指毁灭、蹂躏 the earthquake devastated the whole city.

保存

Preserve、Conserve 保护资源用的就是这个词，不要用protect，protect这个词用在保护具体的东西。

With解决

Tackle: tackle the problem.

Resolve: resolve dispute争论/conflict冲突/problem/issue/crisis危机；来自拉丁语，比较正式。

需要

Require：xxx requires courage and confidence.

Necessitate: 用法不简单，没有摸透。

call for（这也是个很高级的用法，奥巴马就用这个【我不晓得奥巴马咋个用的，原帖是这样.

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说的，并且call for也挺正式的】）：跟need一样的用法

形容词替换：

here 普遍的

Widespread: 随便用

Prevalent：Drug abuse is especially prevalent among teenagers.

Overflow：泛滥 the garden is overflew with colors of flowers.

Rampant: 特指有害的东西泛滥，比如疾病，犯罪等，并且难于控制。

H1n1 Virus is rampant in the world.甲流世界泛滥

好的（太多了）

Impressive, glorious, amazing, brilliant, incredible, attractive…

Beneficial（反义词：detrimental）the drug is beneficial to the immune system.

Advantageous: 特指有益的。Advantageous industry：优势产业

l 有害的

Unfavorable, horrible, disgusting

Inhumane: 没人性的

lousy (I’m fed up with the lousy job.)

severe (severe problem, illness, injuries.)

abysmal(低谷：their performance is abysmal.)

Detrimental: smoking is detrimental to your health.

Baneful: 现阶段用不到，文学作品里面的“邪恶”，完全诘屈聱牙。

富有的

Wealthy、Affluent、ample

There are a myriad of stars in the Milky Way. (银河系好多星星啊！！)

贫穷的

Impoverished（动词表示使贫穷： The great depression had impoverished many third world

countries.）an impoverished student.

s 严重的

Severe

s 明显的

Manifest: a manifest error judge明显判断失误; Adv. Manifestly .e.g. a manifestly unfair

system.

Apparent、Evident

Patent: patent impossibilities. 显然不可能的事。

便宜的

Economical：经济的，不浪费，而不是单纯指某物便宜。经济适用房：economically affordable

housing。

Inexpensive=cheap

Reasonable：价格合理的。Reasonable price

Affordable：能够支付的。

名词替换：

ther 祖先

Ancestor、Predecessor

ence不同

Gap（简单但是牛）沟，generation gap——very common use in CET-4/6

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Distinction: sharp/clear distinction between allergy and food intolerance (TBBT里面的Howard就有lactose intolerance，一吃peanuts就会肿，长荨麻疹rash哈哈。)

再想牛就用schism。比如“填平两个分支学科之间的分歧”heal the schism between clinical

medicine and public health.(有本书就叫这个。)

犯罪

Delinquency：一般crime都用不到。指道德败坏，违法行为，为显示词汇量可以与crime连用

Criminal Act：犯罪行为

nment 环境

Circumstance：under the circumstances. 相当抽象的词，“情况”。

Surrounding：表示周围居住的环境，想当具体。Nearby可与之互换。The surrounding area.

Atmosphere、Ambience：这两个词可替换，但是当atmosphere表示大气层的意思的时候则不能。

ion 污染

Contamination: 我觉得太装B了，他的pp还不错：contaminated water—特指被污染的水

人类

Individual/men/ones/以及一切表示工人，农民公务员等等的词

The human race

Humankind

Humanity：特别指出，用来表示人性。其他一概不要用。虽然也有人之类的意思。

危险

Hazard：化学、物理危害；隐患：polluted water is a hazard to wild life and nature；safety/nature hazard.

modern society 在当今社会

In contemporary society

In present-day society

In this day and age（这是最牛的说法）

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1. important =crucial (extremely important),significant(amount or effect large enough to be important)

=universal, ubiquitous(if something is ubiquitous, it seems to be everywhere)

nt=ample(enough and usually extra), plentiful(enough for people\'s needs and wants)

=adhere, cling(hold on something tightly)

t=ignore.(difference: neglect means someone has not paid enough attention to something; ignore means no attention.)

=adjacent(twothings next to each other), adjoin(the same as adjacent)

=woo(man woos woman, old-fashioned), seek(if you seek sth, you try to obtain it. FORMAL)

te=precise(precise is exact and accurate in all details), exact(correct in every detail)

=obscure(unknown or known by only a few people)

=peak, summit

itor=rival, opponent(especially in sports and politics)

=condemn(if you condemn something, you say it is very bad and unacceptable)

=perspective, standpoint(means looking at an event or situation in a particular way)

=prestige(describe those who are admired), reputation

=erect(you can erect something as buildings, FORMAL), establish

=humiliate(do something or say something which makes people feel ashamed or stupid)

in=grumble (complain something in a bad-tempered way)

y=radical (very important and great in degree), fundamental

e=alleviate (alleviate means you make pain or sufferings less intense or severe)

=coerces into(coerce means you make someone do something s/he does not want to),compel

e=magnify(magnify means make something larger than it really is)

x=intricate(if something is intricate, it often has many small parts and details)

23. Lonely=solitary (if someone is solitary, there is no one near him/her

=minuscule(very small), minute,

=extol(stronger than praise), compliment(polite and political)

-working=assiduous(someone who is assiduous works hard or does things very thoroughly

ult=arduous (if something is arduous, it is difficult and tiring, and involves a lot of efforts)

(soil)=barren, infertile(used to describe the soil is so poor that plants cannot be planted on it)

e=brittle, vulnerable(someone who is vulnerable is easily hurt emotionally or physically)

=demonstrate (to demonstrate a fact means tp make it clear to people.)

=massive(large in size, quantity, or extent), colossal(use this word, you emphasize something’s large), tremendous(INFORMAL)

=shun(if someone shuns something, s/he deliberately avoid that something or keep away from it.)

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=impartial(someone who is impartial is able to give a fair opinion or decision on something.)

=assault (physically attack someone), assail (attack violently

e=abhor(abhor means you hate something to a extreme extent for moral reasons), loathe(dislike very much)!

=devastate (it means damage something very badly, or utterly destroy it.)

=invariably(the same as always, but better than always)

r=perpetual(a perpetual state never changes), immutable(something immutable will never change or be changed)

se=startle(it means surprise you slightly), astound(surprise you to a large degree),astonish(the same as astound)

iasm=zeal (a great enthusiasm), fervency (sincere and enthusiasm)

=tranquil(calm and peaceful), serene(calm and quiet)!

ive=exorbitant(it means too expensive that it should be)

ous=lavish(impressive and very expensive), sumptuous(grand and very expensive

=tedious(if you describe something tedious, you mean it is boring and frustrating)

t=esteem(if you esteem someone, you respect and admire him/her. FORMAL)

=fret(if you fret about something, you worry about it)

=chilly(unpleasantly cold), icy(extremely cold)

=boiling(very ous=perilous(very dangerous, hazardous(dangerous, especially

to people\'s safety and

health)

ys=currently

=unique(the only one of its kind), distinctive;

=cease(if something ceases, it stops happening or existing)

=component(the components of something are the parts that it is made of)

=consequence(the results or effects of something)

s=apparent, manifest

n=derived fromcan see or notice them very easily)

=fairly

ic=lamentable(very uncomfortable and disappointing)

=domain(a particular field of thought, activities or interest)

=emerge(come into existence)

=entire(the whole of something)

=moist(slightly wet), damp(slightly wet), humid(very damp and hot)!

=erroneous(incorrect or partly correct)

ult=formidable

=convert(change into another form)

l=quintessential(this word means represent a typical example of something)

l=cautious(very careful in order to avoid danger), prudent(careful and sensible)

y=capacity, capability(the same as ability)

e=eccentric(if some one is eccentric, s/he behaves in a strange way, or his/her opinion is different from most people)

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=affluent(if you are affluent, you have a lot of money)

= utilize (the same as use)

s=skeptical(if you are skeptical about something, you have doubts on it.)

y=gratify (if you are gratified by something, it gives you pleasure and satisfaction)

=fleeting, ephemeral(if something is ephemeral, it lasts a short time)

rship=fellowship

=enraged(extremely angry)

=malodorous(used to describe an unpleasant smell)

=hideous(if something is hideous, it is very ugly or unattractive)

tive=appealing(pleasing and attractive), absorbing(something absorbing can attract you

a great deal)

e=miscellaneous(a miscellaneous groups consists of many different kinds of things)

er=disarray, chaos

y=frantically(used to describe someone who behaves in a wild and uncontrolled way)

=meteoric(ATTENTION: meteoric is only used to describe someone achieves success quickly)

ry=mundane(very ordinary and not at interesting or unusual)

e=notwithstanding(FORMAL)

=optimal(used to describe the best level something can achieve)/

=acute(severe and intense)

evable=inconceivable(ifyou deem something inconceivable, you think it very unlike to happen ^

=perplex(something perplex someone means it confuses and worries him/her because

he/she does not understand it)

=avenue(away of getting something done)

=distinguished(used to describe people who are successful in their career)

t=archaic(extremely old and extremely old-fashioned)

te=embellish(embellish means make something look more attractive via decorating it with something else)/

le=feasible(if something is feasible, it can be done, made or achieved)

=consequently, accordingly

=infrequent (doesn’t happen often

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