2023年12月31日发(作者：宝马摩托车价格及图片)
2020版《新能源汽车专业英语》
试题库
第一部分：专业术语
AC induction motor (ACIM)
active test
alkaline battery
alkaline fuel cell
all-electric-range (AER)
alternative fuel
alternative fueled vehicle
ampere-hour (Ah) capacity
armature winding
asynchronous AC motor
automatic transmission
auxiliary battery
balancing unit
battery block
battery controller
battery electric vehicle (BEV)
battery management system（BMS）
battery pack
CE
cell controller
charge state
charging rate
交流感应式电动机
主动测试
碱性电池
碱性燃料电池
全电续驶里程
替代燃料
替代燃料汽车
安时容量
电枢绕组
异步交流电动机
自动变速器
辅助蓄电池
平衡装置
电池块，电池子模块
蓄电池控制器
纯电动汽车
电池管理系统（BMS）
电池组
内燃机
单体电池控制器
荷电状态
充电率，充电速度
city bus
CNG
commutator segment
compressed natural gas
compression ignition engine
continuously variable transmission
current driver
current-carrying conductor
cycle life
DC-DC converter
DC-to-DC converter
deep-cycle battery
depth of discharge (DoD)
城市公共汽车
压缩天然气
换向器片
压缩天然气
压燃式发动机
机械式无级变速器
电流驱动器
载流导体
循环寿命
直流-直流变换器
直流-直流转换器
深度循环蓄电池
放电深度
design parameter
diagnostic trouble code
diesel fuel
digital multimeter (DMM)
discharge rate
drive force
drive train
drive wheel
driver circuit
driving range
electric drive motor
electric motor
electric vehicle
electrical machine
electrical schematic
electric-powered vehicle
electronic fuel injection
electronic switch
electronic throttle
energy accumulator
energy density
energy storage system (ESS)
energy storage unit
excitation current
fatigue failure
field coil
field winding
flexible fuel vehicles (FFV)
flux leakage
fossil fuel
freeze frame
front-wheel drive
fuel economy
fuel tank
fuel-cell car
fuel-cell electric vehicles (FCEV)
fuel-cell stack
full hybrid
gas injector
gasoline engine
gear box
gear unit
hand-held tester
设计参数
故障码
柴油燃料
数字式万用表
放电率
驱动力
传动系统
驱动车轮，驱动轮
驱动电路
续驶里程
驱动电动机
电动机
电动汽车
电机
电气原理图，电气简图
电动汽车
电子控制燃油喷射
电子开关
电子节气门
蓄能器，储能系统
能量密度
储能系统
储能装置
励磁电流
疲劳失效
励磁线圈，磁场线圈
磁场绕组
灵活燃料汽车
漏磁
化石燃料，矿物燃料
冻结数据帧
前轮驱动
燃油经济性
燃油箱
燃料电池汽车
燃料电池电动汽车
燃料电池堆
重度混合动力
气体喷射器
汽油机
齿轮箱
齿轮机构
手持式检测仪
HV battery pack
hybrid car
hybrid drive
hybrid electric vehicles (HEV)
hybridization factor
hydrogen fuel cell
hydrogen fueling station
IC engine
individual cell
insulated gate bipolar transistor (IGBT)
insulation resistance
Integrated Motor Assist (IMA)
intelligent power unit (IPU)
inverter assembly
lead-acid battery
liquefied natural gas
lithium battery
lithium iron phosphate
lithium nickel cobalt manganate
lithium-ion battery
lithium-polymer battery
LNG
magnetic field
medium hybrid
megger tester
membrane electrode assembly (MEA)
metal hydride
micro hybrid
mild hybrid
miles per gallon (MPG)
miles per gallon equivalent (MPGe)
motor drive module (MDM)
motor generator（MG）
motor inverter
negative electrode
nickel metal hydride battery pack
nickel-based battery
nickel-cadmium (Ni-Cd) battery
nickel-metal hydride (NiMH) battery
off-board charging
onboard charging
高压电池组
混合动力汽车
混合动力，混合驱动装置
混合动力电动汽车
混合度
氢燃料电池
加氢站
内燃机
单体电池
绝缘栅双极晶体管
绝缘电阻
集成化电机辅助
智能动力单元
逆变器总成
铅酸蓄电池
液化天然气
锂电池
磷酸铁锂(LiFePO4)
三元锂（镍钴锰酸锂）(LiNiCoMnO2)
锂离子电池
锂聚合物电池
液化天然气
磁场
中度混合动力
绝缘测试仪
膜电极
金属氢化物
微混合动力
微混合动力
英里/加仑
当量英里/加仑
电动机驱动模块
电动机/发电机总成
电动机逆变器
负极
镍氢电池组
镍电池
镍镉(Ni-Cd)电池
镍氢(NiMH)电池
离车充电
车载充电，随车充电
断路
氧化还原反应
open circuit
oxidation-reduction reaction
parallel hybrid
passenger vehicle
performance parameter
permanent magnet
permanent magnet brushless DC motor
petrol engine
plug-in electric vehicles (PEV)
plug-in HEV
plug-in hybrid electric vehicle (PHEV)
positive electrode
power battery
power density
power down
power transistor
power-split hybrid
并联式混合动力
乘用车，载客车辆
性能参数
永久磁铁
永磁无刷直流电动机
汽油机
插电式电动汽车
插电式混合动力电动汽车
插电式混合动力电动汽车
正极
动力电池
功率密度
断电，掉电
功率晶体管
功率分流式混合动力，混联式混合动力
proton exchange membrane fuel cell 质子交换膜燃料电池
(PEMFC)
pulse width
pure electric vehicle
regenerative braking
remaining capacity
rolling resistive force
safety glasses
safety plug
sensing unit
serial hybrid
series-parallel hybrid
service plug
short circuit
smart key
spark ignition engine
special-purpose vehicle
specific energy
specific power
stall test
state of charge (SoC)
state of health (SoH)
steel cylinder
strong hybrid
summarising gear
synchronous AC motor
tandem motor
temperature sensor
脉冲宽度，脉宽
纯电动汽车
再生制动
剩余容量
滚动阻力
安全眼镜
安全插头
传感装置
串联式混合动力
混联式混合动力，功率分流式混合动力
维修插头
短路，短接
智能钥匙
点燃式发动机
专用车辆
比能量
比功率
失速试验
荷电状态
健康状态
钢筒，钢瓶
重度混合动力，强混合动力
合成机构
同步交流电动机
级联电动机，双电动机
温度传感器
thermal cut-out
torque converter
total resistive force
touch screen
traction motor
tractive effort
transmission system
warning label
wheel hub drive
wheel motor
wireless charging
热熔保险器
液力变矩器
总阻力
触摸屏
推进电动机
驱动力
传动系统
警告标贴
轮毂驱动
车轮电动机
无线充电
线束
零排放汽车
wiring harness
zero-emission vehicle
第二部分：常用缩写
缩写
AER
BEV
BMS
CE
CNG
DMM
DoD
DTC
ECU
EM
EMS
ENG
ESS
EV
FC
FCEV
FCHEV
FFV
GND
HEV
HV
IC
IC
ICE
英文含义
all-electric-range
battery electric vehicle
battery management system
combustion engine
compressed natural gas
digital multimeter
depth of discharge
diagnostic tester code
electronic control unit
electric motor
electronic engine management system
engine
energy storage system
electric vehicle
fuel cell
Fuel cell electric vehicle
Fuel cell hybrid electric vehicle
flexible fuel vehicles
ground
hybrid electric vehicle
high voltage
internal combustion
integrated circuit
internal combustion engine
中文含义
全电续驶里程
纯电动汽车
电池管理系统
内燃机
压缩天然气
数字式万用表
放电深度
故障码
电子控制单元
电动机
发动机电子管理系统
发动机
储能系统
电动汽车
燃料电池
燃料电池电动汽车
燃料电池混合动力电动汽车
灵活燃料汽车
搭铁，接地
混合动力电动汽车
高压
内燃
集成电路
内燃机
ICEV
IG
IGBT
IMA
IPM
Li-Ion
Li-poly
LNG
LPG
MCM
MDM
MEA
MG
MGR
MPG
mpg
MPGe
Ni-Cd
NiMH
PCU
PDU
PEM
PEMFC
PEV
PHEV
PM
PSM
RLY
SEN
SMR
SOC
SoC
SoH
SPM
SW
internal combustion engine vehicle
ignition
insulated gate bipolar transistor
Integrated Motor Assist
interior permanent magnet
lithium-ion (battery)
lithium-polymer (battery)
liquefied natural gas
liquid petroleum gas
motor control module
motor drive module
membrane electrode assembly
motor generator
motor/generator rear
miles per gallon
miles per gallon
miles per gallon equivalent
nickel-cadmium (battery)
nickel-metal hydride (battery)
power control unit
power drive unit
proton exchange membrane
proton exchange membrane fuel cell
plug-in electric vehicle
plug-in hybrid electric vehicle
permanent magnet
permanent magnet
synchronous motor
relay
sensor
system main relay
state of charge
state of charge
state of health
surface permanent magnet
switch
内燃机汽车
点火，点火开关
绝缘栅双极晶体管
集成化电机辅助
内置永磁
锂离子（电池）
锂-聚合物（电池）
液化天然气
液化石油气
电动机控制模块
电动机驱动模块
膜电极
电动机/发电机
电动机/发电机(后)
英里/加仑
英里/加仑
当量英里/加仑
镍-镉（电池）
镍-氢（电池）
动力控制单元
动力驱动单元
质子交换膜
质子交换膜燃料电池
插电式电动汽车
插电式混合动力电动汽车
永磁
three-phase 永磁三相交流同步电动机
继电器
传感器
系统主继电器
荷电状态
荷电状态
健康状态
表面永磁
开关
第三部分：英译汉
1. What are Alternative fuels currently commercially available and closely
attended? 目前商业可用和受到密切关注的替代燃料有哪些？
· Liquefied petroleum gas 液化石油气
· CNG 压缩天然气
· Methanol 甲醇
· Hydrogen 氢
· Fuel-cell 燃料电池
· Electricity 电能
· Hybrid（electricity + conventional fuels）混合动力（电+传统燃料）
2. What are the types of electric vehicles? 电动汽车分为哪几种？
Electric vehicles are broadly categorized into four groups based on the electric design of their
powertrains, namely battery electric vehicles (BEVs), plug-in hybrid electric vehicles (PHEVs),
hybrid electric vehicles (HEVs), and fuel-cell electric vehicles (FCEVs). Only BEVs and PHEVs
are plug-capable, and are referred to as plug-in electric vehicles (PEVs).
根据电动汽车动力传动系统的电动设计，将电动汽车大致分为四大类，即纯电动汽车(BEV)、插电式混合动力汽车(PHEV)、混合动力电动汽车(HEV)和燃料电池电动汽车(FCEV)。只有BEV和PHEV是可插接充电器进行充电的，故被称为插电式电动汽车(PEV)。
3. What are the basic components of lithium ion batteries?锂离子电池的基本组成包括哪些元件？
A
Li-ion battery cell has five basic components that facilitate the energy conversion process.
The first component is an anode, which gives up the electrons to an external circuit (e.g., electric
motor) and oxidizes during the reaction. The second component is a cathode, which accepts the
electrons from the external circuit. The third component is the electrolyte which completes ion
transfer inside the cells. The fourth component is a membrane that acts a separator and prevents
the internal short circuits between the anode and the cathode, and the last component is a container,
which is devised for safety purposes.
锂离子电池的单体电池具有促进能量转换过程的五个基本元件。第一个元件是阳极，它的作用是在反应期间将电子供给到外部电路(例如，电动机)而氧化。第二个元部件阴极，其作用是接受来自外部电路的电子。第三个元件是电解质，其作用是完成电池内离子转移。第四个元件是隔膜，隔膜起分隔作用，防止阳极和阴极之间的内部短路，而最后一个元件是容器，它是为安全目的而设计的。
4. What are the fuctions of BMS? 电池管理系统的功能有哪些？
The BMS should monitor, control, and communicate with the battery. Therefore, the primary
functions of a BMS are:
? Under-voltage and over-voltage protections;
? Short circuit protection;
? Thermal protection;
? Cell balancing;
? Controlling battery charging and discharging;
? Determining battery SoC and SoH;
? Safety protection.
电池管理系统（BMS）应监测、控制蓄电池，并与蓄电池进行通信。因此，BMS的主要功能是：
·低压和过压保护；
·短路保护；
·热保护；
·电池平衡；
·控制电池充电和放电；
·确定电池SOC和SOH；
·安全保护。
5. Describe the basic operation of lithium ion batteries? 叙述锂离子电池的基本原理。
In Li-ion batteries, electrical energy is generated through electrochemical oxidation-reduction
reactions. During the charging stage, lithium ions move from the positive electrode, pass through
the electrolyte, and intercalate between graphite layers, and enter the negative electrode. During
the discharge process, the reverse process takes place (as shown in Figure 2.7), and the stored
energy is used to run the electric motor.
在锂离子电池中，电能是通过电化学氧化还原反应产生的。在充电阶段，锂离子从正电极移出，穿过电解质，插入石墨层间，并进入负电极。在放电过程中，发生相反反应过程 (如图2-7所示)，存储的能量可用于驱动电动机。
Figure 2.7 chemical reaction process of a Li-ion battery
图2-7 锂离子电池的化学反应过程
6. How to Use the hand-held tester to diagnose the HV battery pack?怎样使用手持式
测试仪（解码器）来诊断高压电池组的故障？
Using the hand-held tester, you can read the value of the switches, sensors, actuators and so on
without parts removal. Diagnose the HV battery pack using the tester as the following steps:
·Connect the hand-held tester to the DLC3.
·Turn the power switch ON (IG).
·Turn the hand-held tester ON.
·On the hand-held tester, enter the following menus: DIAGNOSIS / ENHANCED OBD Ⅱ /
HV ECU.
·Select DTC INFO, Read the DTCs, FREEZE FRAME data (Figure 6.6) and the
INFORMATION CODEs (Figure 6.7).
使用手持式测试仪，您可以读取开关、传感器、执行器等的值，而不需要拆卸部件。使用测试仪诊断高压电池组，步骤如下：
·将手持测试仪连接到DLC3上。
·接通电源开关(IG)。
·打开手持式测试仪。
·在手持测试仪上，输入以下菜单：DIAGNOSIS / ENHANCED OBD Ⅱ/ HV ECU。
·选择故障代码信息DTC INFO，读取故障代码DTC、冻结帧FREEZE FRAME数据(图6-6)和信息代码INFORMATION CODE (图6-7)。
7. Describe the steps of battery Disassembling（Prius）? 描述蓄电池组拆卸的步骤（普锐斯）
Adhere the following steps to do this during disassembling battery pack.
Step 1: To depower the high-voltage system, the ignition was off and the negative battery cable
was disconnected from the 12-volt auxiliary battery, then the HV battery safety plug was removed.
Step 2: After checking that the voltage level is safe, the rear seat and HV battery cover were
removed.
Step 3: Remove the high-voltage wires from the battery pack while wearing HV gloves.
Step 4: Remove the HV battery pack through the rear of the vehicle.
Step 5: Place the HV battery pack on a workbench that is covered with a thick rubber
(insulating) mat. A wood top bench can also be used.
Step 6: Perform a visual inspection, to be sure that electrical connections between battery
modules are corroded.
Step 7: Remove the HV battery pack temperature sensors, and remove the HV battery vent
tubes from the battery pack.
Step 8: Remove the end caps from the battery pack.
Step 9: Remove the fasteners that hold the battery modules to the base of the battery pack.
Step 10: Remove the end module from the battery pack.
拆卸电池组时，请按照以下步骤进行。
第一步：将高压系统断电。将点火开关关闭，从12伏辅助电池上将电池负极电缆连接断开，然后拔下高压电池安全插头。
第二步：检查电压水平是否安全后，将后座和高压电池盖拆除。
第三步：戴上高压手套，从电池组上拆下高压电线。
第四步：通过车辆后部拆卸高压电池组。
第五步：将高压电池组放置上面覆盖着厚厚的橡胶（绝缘）垫的工作台上。也可以使用木顶面长凳。
第六步：进行目视检查，以变查清电池模块之间的电气连接是否被腐蚀。
第七步：拆卸高压电池组温度传感器，并从电池组中拆下高压电池通风管。
第八步：从电池组上拆下端盖。
第九步：拆卸将电池模块固定在电池组底部的紧固件。
第十步：从电池组上拆下端部模块。
8. Briefly describe the basic components of a proton exchange membrane fuel
cell. 简述质子交换膜燃料电池的基本组成。
A PEMFC consists of the following basic components: 质子交换膜燃料电池（PEMFC）的组成包括下列基本元件：
·Electrodes. There are a fuel electrode (anode) and an oxidant electrode (cathode). They are
made of porous, electrically and thermally conducting material, such as porous graphite.·电极。有燃料电极（阳极）和氧化剂电极（阴极）。它们由多孔、导电和导热材料制成，如多孔石墨。
·Electrolyte. The PEMFC uses proton exchange membrane as the electrolyte. ?电解液。PEMFC使用质子交换膜作为电解质。
·Catalyst Layers. There is one catalyst layer on either side of the membrane. It is on the
catalyst surface where the electrochemical reactions take place. The most commonly used catalyst
is platinum or platinum alloy. The anode, cathode, membrane, and two catalyst layers are usually
sealed together to form a single membrane electrode assembly (MEA).·催化剂层。膜的两侧都有一个催化剂层。就是在催化剂表面上发生着电化学反应。最常用的催化剂是铂或铂合金。阳极、阴极、膜和两个催化剂层通常被密封在一起，形成一个膜电极（MEA）。
·Gas Diffusion Layers. This arrangement consists of one gas diffusion layer in contact with the
anode and one with the cathode. Their functions are to ensure that the hydrogen gas or air diffuses
evenly and efficiently over the catalyst layer, to provide uniform distribution of load on the surface
of the MEA from the bipolar plate and to provide electrical conduction between the bipolar plate
and the anode or cathode. It is made of porous carbon paper or cloth treated with
polytetrafluoroethylene.·气体扩散层。这种布置由一个与阳极接触的气体扩散层和一个与阴极接触的气体扩散层组成。它们（气体扩散层）的作用有三个：确保氢气或空气在催化剂层上均匀有效地扩散，提供来自双极板的作用于MEA表面上的均布载荷（夹持力），并在双极板与阳极或阴极之间提供导电功能。气体扩散层是由多孔碳纸或经聚四氟乙烯处理的布制成。
·Bipolar Plates. These are commonly made of graphite or conducting metal (such as coated
titanium). Gas flow channels are machined into the plates to provide inlets for the hydrogen gas
and air, as well as outlets for excess hydrogen gas for recirculation and for water produced in the
fuel cell. ?双极板。它们通常由石墨或导电金属(例如涂覆的钛)制成。气体流动通道被加工到板中，以提供氢气和空气的入口，以及用于让过量氢气再循环和让燃料电池中产生的水流出的出口。
第四部分：单项选择
1.
The output voltage of a typical cell varies between ___________
A. one to six volts.
B. six to eight volts.
C. eight to ten volts.
(A)
2. Plug-in electric vehicles (PEVs) include __________
A. only BEVs.
B. only PHEVs.
C. BEVs and PHEVs.
(C)
3. In the BMW parallel hybrid, the hybrid module consists of __________
A. an electric machine EM with the two clutches C1 and C2.
B. two electric machines EM1 and EM2.
C. an electric machine EM with a clutch C.
(A)
4. In Toyota Prius HEVs, the boost converter is a DC-DC converter witch boosts the nominal
voltage of DC 201.6V that is output by the HV battery to __________
A. the maximum voltage of DC 100V.
B. the maximum voltage of DC 300V.
C. the maximum voltage of DC 500V.
(C)
5. The IGBT is used to perform the switching control, and the power transistor is controlled _____
A. by the engine ECU.
B. by the HV ECU.
C. by the ABS ECU.
(B)
6. A full hybrid, also called a strong hybrid, is ________________
A. able to propel the vehicle using the electric motor(s) alone.
B. not able to propel the vehicle using the electric motor(s) alone.
C. not capable of propelling the vehicle from a stop using battery power alone.
(A)
7. In the power-split hybrid drive, the combustion engine power output is split into ________
A. two mechanical paths.
B. mechanical and electric paths.
C. two electric paths.
(B)
8. In the serial hybrid drive, there is no mechanical coupling of __________
A. combustion engine and generator..
B. combustion engine and generator/motor.
C. combustion engine and wheels.
(C)
9. Toyota/Lexus hybrid system is built around a single planetary gear set (power-split device) and
two electric motor/generators (MG1 and MG2). The power-split device is connected to _______
A. the IC engine only.
B. the MG1 and MG2 only.
C. the IC engine, MG1 and MG2.
(C)
10. During normal Driving, the ICE of Toyota/Lexus hybrid system must be started so that its
output can be combined with ________
A. that of MG2.
B. that of MG1.
C. that of MG1 and MG2.
(A)
11. In the Toyota/Lexus hybrid system, as the vehicle is decelerating, MG2 _______
A. doesn’t run.
B. operates as a electric motor.
C. operates as a generator.
(C)
12. In the Toyota/Lexus hybrid system, the inverter converts the high voltage direct current of the
battery into ___________
A. single phase alternating current of MG1 and MG2.
B. three-phase alternating current of MG1 and MG2.
C. low voltage direct current of MG1 and MG2.
(B)
第五部分：填空
1. Electric vehicles are broadly categorized into four groups based on the electric design of their
powertrains, namely battery electric vehicles (BEVs), plug-in hybrid electric vehicles
(PHEVs), hybrid electric vehicles (HEVs), and fuel-cell electric vehicles (FCEVs).
2. State of charge (SoC) is an indicator of battery degradation over time, which can be caused due
to operating conditions. SoC measures the ratio of the present battery capacity with respect to
maximum capacity.
3. Specific energy represents the amount of energy that can be stored in a unit mass, and it is often
measured with the physical dimension watt-hours per kilogram.
4. Now, there are three types of battery available for use in electric vehicles: lead-acid battery,
nickel-based (nickel-cadmium or nickel-metal hydride) battery, and lithium (lithium-ion or
lithium-polymer) battery.
5. In a typical Li-ion battery, the positive electrode is made up of lithium and transition metal
material. Graphite is widely employed as the negative electrode material.
6. There are two primary designs of a NiMH battery cell: cylindrical type and prismatic type .
7. In most hybrid electric vehicles, traction AC motor is controlled as follows:
·The speed of the motor is changed by changing the frequency of the applied current.
·The pulse width and voltage is adjusted to change the power output to match the demands of
the vehicle for electric assist or propulsion.
8. AC motors are powered by inverters. An inverter converts DC power to AC power at the
required frequency and amplitude. The inverter converts the high voltage direct current of the
battery into three-phase alternating current of MG1 and MG2. When MG1 or MG2 acts as a
generator, the inverter converts the alternating current (range of 201.6V to 500V) generated by
either of them into direct current. The boost converter then drops it to DC 201.6V to charge the
HV battery.
第六部分：将图中英文部件名称翻译成中文
Construction of permanent magnet brushless DC motor
Motor controls for Lexus RX 400 4WD HEVs
雷克萨斯RX400 4WD混合动力电动汽车的电动机控制
Power split hybrid system 功率分流式混合动力系统
Series hybrid system 串联式混合动力系统
A fuel cell electric vehicle一种燃料电池电动汽车
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