2023年12月15日发(作者：3万左右的二手车推荐表)
科学家们说，地球的自转速度创几十年新高等
Scientists say Earth is spinning faster than it has in decades; a \'leap second\' may
be added
科学家们说，地球的自转速度比几十年来都要快；可能会增加一个“闰秒”
Even the Earth wanted 2020 to be over in a hurry: Our planet spun faster than normal
last year, scientists say.
就连地球也希望2020年匆忙结束：科学家们说，我们的星球去年的自转速度比正常情况下要快。
As noted on LiveScience, the Earth\'s 28 fastest days on record (since 1960) all occurred
in 2020, with Earth completing its revolutions around its axis milliseconds quicker than
average.
正如LiveScience上所指出的，地球有记录以来最快的28天(自1960年以来)都发生在2020年，地球绕轴公转的速度比平均快几毫秒。
Usually, the Earth is an excellent timekeeper, according to . On average, with respect
to the sun, it rotates once every 86,400 seconds, which equals 24 hours. This is known as a
mean solar day.
通常情况下，地球是一个很好的计时器，根据。就太阳而言，它平均每86,400秒自转一周，相当于24小时。这被称为平均太阳日。
\"But it is not perfect,\" write Graham Jones and Konstantin Bikos on .
\"When highly accurate atomic clocks were developed in the 1960s, they showed that the
length of a mean solar day can vary by milliseconds (1 millisecond equals 0.001 seconds).\"
格雷厄姆·琼斯(Graham Jones)和康斯坦丁·比科斯(Konstantin Bikos)在上写道：“但这并不完美。”当高精度原子钟在20世纪60年代问世时，它们表明平均太阳日的长度可以变化毫秒(1毫秒等于0.001秒)。
The Earth\'s rotation can change slightly because of the movement of its core and also,
surprisingly, because of weather and ocean patterns.
地球的自转可能会因为其核心的运动而略有变化，而且令人惊讶的是，还会因为天气和海洋模式的影响而发生变化。 \"Changes in the atmosphere, specifically atmospheric pressure around the world, and
the motions of the winds that may be related to such climate signals as El Nio are strong
enough that their effect is observed in the Earth’s rotation signal,\" David A. Salstein, an
atmospheric scientist from Atmospheric and Environmental Research, said in 2003.
大气和环境研究中心的大气科学家戴维·A·萨尔斯坦(David in)在2003年说，“大气的变化，特别是世界各地的气压变化，以及可能与厄尔尼诺现象等气候信号有关的风的运动，都足够强烈，以至于它们的影响可以在地球的自转信号中观察到，”大气与环境研究公司的大气科学家戴维·A·萨尔斯坦(David in)在2003年说。
El Nio is a periodic natural warming of the tropical Pacific Ocean, while La Nia, which
was observed toward the end of 2020, is a natural cooling of the same part of the Pacific.
According to NOAA, while El Nio results in a decrease in the earth\'s rotation rate, La Nia
tends to have the opposite effect.
厄尔尼诺现象是热带太平洋周期性的自然变暖，而2020年底观察到的拉尼娜现象则是太平洋同一地区的自然降温。根据美国国家海洋和大气局的说法，厄尔尼诺现象会导致地球自转速度降低，而拉尼娜现象往往会产生相反的影响。
The recent acceleration in Earth\'s spin has scientists talking for the first time about a
negative leap second, LiveScience said. Instead of adding a leap second, which has been
done several timebefore to make up for a slowing of the Earth\'s rotation, they might need
to subtract one.
LiveScience说，最近地球自转的加速让科学家们第一次谈论负闰秒。他们可能需要减去一个闰秒，而不是增加一个闰秒，这在以前已经做了几次，以弥补地球自转速度的放缓。
\"It\'s quite possible that a negative leap second will be needed if the Earth\'s rotation
rate increases further, but it\'s too early to say if this is likely to happen,\" physicist Peter
Whibberley of the National Physics Laboratory in the U.K., told The Telegraph.
英国国家物理实验室的物理学家Peter Whibberley告诉“每日电讯报”：“如果地球自转速度进一步加快，很有可能需要负闰秒，但现在就断言这种情况是否会发生还为时过早。” \"There are also international discussions taking place about the future of leap seconds,
and it\'s also possible that the need for a negative leap second might push the decision
towards ending leap seconds for good,\" he said.
他说：“国际上也在讨论闰秒的未来，也有可能是因为对负闰秒的需求可能会促使这个决定朝着永远结束闰秒的方向发展。”
Because of the earth\'s inconsistent speed, scientists in the 1950s created an atomic
clock to keep precise track of time. However, as the Earth\'s rotation can vary, the atomic
clock continued steadily ahead and the two time indicators grew farther apart.
由于地球的速度不一致，科学家们在20世纪50年代创造了一种原子钟来精确跟踪时间。然而，由于地球的自转可以改变，原子钟继续稳步领先，两个时间指示器的距离变得更远。
To fix that inconsistency, scientists then created UTC (Coordinated Universal Time) to
help bridge the gap between Earth time and the atomic clock. However, the atomic clock
continued to race ahead, so at least once every 10 years scientists added an extra leap
second to the UTC to keep them closer together. It\'s particularly important for things like
GPS navigation.
为了解决这一矛盾，科学家们随后创建了UTC(协调世界时)，以帮助弥合地球时间和原子钟之间的差距。然而，原子钟继续领先，因此科学家们至少每10年给UTC增加一次额外的闰秒，以保持它们之间的距离更近。对于GPS导航这样的东西来说，这一点尤为重要。
\"In everyday life, this extra second has practically no importance,\" Wolfgang Dick, a
spokesman for the International Earth Rotation and Reference Systems Service, the
organization that maintains global time, told USA TODAY in 2016. \"However, in every field
where exact time is needed (astronomy, navigation, spaceflight, but also computer
networks for stock markets or energy supply, and much more) this second is of great
importance,\" Dick said.
维持全球时间的国际地球自转和参考系统服务组织的发言人沃尔夫冈·迪克(Wolfgang Dick)在2016年接受“今日美国”采访时表示：“在日常生活中，多出来的这一秒几乎不重要。”迪克说：“然而，在每一个需要精确时间的领域(天文学、导航、航天，以及股票市场或能源供应的计算机网络等)，这一秒都是非常重要的。” The most recent leap second was added in 2016.
最近的闰秒是在2016年加入的。
著名服装设计师皮尔·卡丹去世，你对他的生前创举了解多少？
Legendary French fashion designer Pierre Cardin has died at the age of 98,
France\'s Fine Arts Academy announced on Tuesday in a statement on Twitter.
法兰西艺术院周二（12月29日）在推特发布声明表示，法国传奇时装设计师皮尔·卡丹去世，终年98岁。
\"The Perpetual Secretary, Laurent Petitgirard, and the members of the
Academy of Fine Arts are deeply saddened to announce the death of their
colleague Pierre Cardin. He had been elected on 12 February 1992 to the chair
of Pierre Dux,\" the Fine Arts Academy said.
法兰西艺术院称：“法兰西艺术院终身秘书长洛朗·珀蒂吉拉尔和艺术院成员沉痛宣布同事皮尔·卡丹去世的消息。他于1992年2月12日荣任法兰西艺术院院士。”
His creations adorned many stars of the day, among them Elizabeth Taylor,
Barbra Streisand, Jeanne Moreau, Jackie Kennedy, Charlotte Rampling, the
Beatles and the Rolling Stones.
皮尔·卡丹设计的服饰曾为许多当红明星增光添彩，其中包括伊丽莎白·泰勒、芭芭拉·史翠姗、让娜·莫罗、杰奎琳·肯尼迪、夏洛特·兰普林、甲壳虫乐队和滚石乐队。
Cardin was among the first designers to capitalize on the business side of
fashion, becoming a household name thanks to powerful branding.
卡丹是最早投资商业化时装的设计师之一，并借助强大的品牌力量成为家喻户晓的人物。
He also broke with tradition through his futuristic designs -- and by
producing landmark unisex and ready-to-wear collections at a time when both
were effectively unheard of.
他还曾打破传统，设计出未来主义风格时装，生产出标志性的中性化成衣系列，这两者在当时都是闻所未闻的。
Cardin was born in 1922 in San Biagio di Callalta, a small town in northeast
Italy about 20 miles from Venice. He was born Pietro, but he became known as
Pierre after his family relocated to France to escape fascism two years later.
1922年皮尔·卡丹出生于意大利东北部小镇圣比亚焦-迪卡拉尔塔，距离威尼斯约20英里（32千米）。他出生时名叫彼得罗，但两年后为逃避法西斯主义举家迁到法国后被改名为皮尔。
As a young man, his first steps into fashion coincided with a move to Paris,
where he worked on the costumes of Jean Cocteau\'s film version of \"Beauty
and the Beast.\" In 1946, he was hired as a tailor by his subsequent mentor,
Christian Dior, who had just opened his couture house in Paris.
年轻的皮尔·卡丹初入时尚界时恰逢他搬到巴黎，当时他为让·科克托拍摄的电影版《美女与野兽》设计服饰。1946年，他受雇于后来的导师克里斯汀·迪奥当裁缝，迪奥当时刚在巴黎开了自己的高级时装屋。
Four years later, at the age of 28, Cardin founded his own eponymous
fashion brand, first designing theater costumes, then moving into haute
couture in 1953.
四年后，28岁的卡丹以自己的名字创立了时装品牌，起先是设计戏服，然后在1953年开始进军高级时装界。
eponymous [??pɑ?n?m?s]: adj. 以……的名字命名的
His breakout creation was the bubble dress -- so called for the bubble-like
shape of the area between the waist and the hemline -- which he designed in
1954. It proved commercially successful worldwide, setting the stage for a
string of fashion innovations.
皮尔·卡丹的突破性作品是1954年设计的泡泡裙，以腰部和下摆间的区域形似泡泡而得名。事实证明，这款泡泡裙在世界范围内创下了商业佳绩，为一系列时装创新奠定了基础。
Hoping to make designer clothing more accessible, he launched his first
ready-to-wear collection at the Printemps department store in Paris in 1959, a
move so scandalous that it got him expelled from the Chambre Syndicale, the
body governing French haute couture (he would be reinstated shortly after,
before leaving of his own accord in 1966).
卡丹希望让设计师服装走进千家万户，于是1959年他在巴黎的春天百货推出了自己的第一个成衣系列。这一令人震惊的举动让卡丹被法国高级时装协会除名（不过他很快又重新被协会接受，后来他在1966年自己退出了协会）。
Displaying an early business nous, Cardin was among the first foreign
designers to open shops in Japan, China and Russia. He pioneered modern
branding by lending his name to a variety of products -- including perfumes,
watches, cigarettes and even frying pans -- raising eyebrows in the traditional
fashion world and earning serious money that he invested in real estate.
卡丹早早地展现出了他的商业头脑，成为最早在日本、中国和俄罗斯开店的外国设计师之一。他开创了现代品牌的先例，将品牌授权给香水、手表、香烟甚至煎锅等各种产品。这种做法让传统时装界侧目，也让他赚了大钱，开始投资房地产。
nous [na?s]: n. 理性；精神；心灵；常识
Among the designer\'s property purchases were a Provence castle, once
owned by the Marquis de Sade, and the famous Maxim\'s restaurant in Paris,
which he transformed into a global chain with locations in New York, Beijing
and elsewhere.
卡丹购入的房产包括曾归萨德侯爵所有的波城古堡和巴黎著名的马克西姆餐厅，后来卡丹将其打造成一家全球连锁餐厅，在纽约、北京和其他地方都有分店。
In the 1960s, Cardin combined his interest for space exploration with a
fascination for technical fabrics, by creating the groundbreaking space age
unisex collections.
20世纪60年代，卡丹将他对太空探索的兴趣和对高科技面料的痴迷结合在一起，设计出了开创性的中性化太空服系列。
One of his standout garments, a pink dress comprised of molded 3D
shapes and made from a fabric of his own creation, Cardine, was famously
worn by actress Lauren Bacall in 1968.
卡丹最出色的作品之一是一件用自己独创的卡丁布面料制成的3D塑形粉裙，因1968年女演员劳伦·白考尔穿过而名噪一时。
Both of Cardin\'s home countries offered him recognition: In 1987, Italy
named him a Grand Officer of the Order of Merit of the Italian Republic, while
in 1991, France made him an Officer of the Legion of Honour. The same year,
UNESCO made the designer a goodwill ambassador.
卡丹的两个祖国都对他表示了认可：1987年，意大利授予他意大利共和国特等功勋称号；1991年，法国任命他为法国荣誉军团军官。同年，联合国教科文组织任命他为亲善大使。
更多推荐
地球,自转,法国,时装,设计,速度,科学家
发布评论