2023年12月21日发(作者：捷达vs5口碑怎么样)
英语翻译,
翻译
1. Whatever is worth doing is worth doing well(值得做好)。
2. When he took the subway for the first time（第一次）,he
didn\'t know where to get the ticket.
3. It happened that (碰巧)I read the same book as you did.
4. As we all know（众所周知），practice makes perfect.
5. It is universally acknowledged that/It is widely accepted
that(人们普遍认为)the more expensive the goods, the higher the
quality.
6. Something is wrong with my bicycle. Would you mind my
borrowing yours (我借用你的吗？)
7. It is kind of you (你真好)to invite me to have dinner with
you.
8. This is the first time that she has been late for school(她上课迟到)。
9. The more time you spend on physics(你花在物理上的时间越多),the better you will be at it.
10. Any information you want can be got on the Internet(能在网上得到)。
11. It was through hard work/It was by making efforts(是通过努力)that she was able to win the first prize in the composition.
12. Relatively/Comparatively speaking (相对而言)，men are
stronger than women.
13. With Christmas is coming(随着圣诞节的临近)，the kids are
getting more and more excited.
14. There is no doubt that(毫无疑问)family education affects
the growth of the kids.
15. Mr. Platt never allows anyone to point out his mistakes
（指出他的错误）。
16. To tell the truth (说实话)，l can\'t tell you the two phrases
apart.
17. He prefers to eat instant noodles rather than eat in a
restaurant (而不想在餐厅用餐)。
18. A man who never gives up （永不放弃) can never be
defeated.
19. In order to realize your dream (为了实现你的梦),you have
to double your efforts.
20. The reason he was running a fever was that he was caught
in the rain (淋着雨了)。
21. He laughs best who laughs last (笑在最后)。
22. There is no need (没必要)to empty your room to do the
cleaning.
23. He slept so late (睡得太晚)that he had to skip breakfast.
24. Reading aloud the texts again and again is good for you
(对你有很大好处)。
25. Only when you are modest (只有谦虚)can you become a
learned person.
26. Eating habits vary from person to person (因人而异)。
27. It was because of the bad weather (是由于天气恶劣)that
the flight was canceled.
28. I felt in such a hurry that I forgot to say \"good night\" to
my parents(忘了跟父母道晚安)
29. It is no good inquiring about one\'s private affairs(打探他人私事)。
30. What you dream at night is related to (与有关)what
you have thought and done during the day.
1. 据说饭后散步有益健康。()
It is said that taking a walk after dinner is good for health.
2. 那位工程师已经三年没回家乡了。（since）
It has been three years since the engineer left his hometown.
3. 他第一次乘飞机时紧张得说不
出话。（the first time）
The first time he took the plane, he was too nervous to
speak/say a word.
4. 她兴奋得不能自己。（too）
She was too excited to control herself.
5. 如果你们不相互合作，就很难完成任务。（unless）
Unless you cooperate with each other, it is difficult to
complete the task.
6. 英雄们一下飞机就被鲜花包围了。（On）
On getting off the plane, the heroes were surrounded by
flowers.
7. 无论你从事何种职业，懂电脑是必不可少的。（whatever）
Whatever career/occupation you follow, it\'s necessary to
have a knowledge of computers.
8. 不管多忙，只要邻居需要，他都会去帮忙。（as long as）
However busy he is, he will go to his neighbours\' help as he
is needed.
9. 那位科学家谦虚地说他所做的一切不值一提。（worth）
That scientist said modestly that what he had done wasn\'t
worth mentioning.
10. 那些孩子不顾大雨，仍在兴奋的踢球。（despite）
Despite the fact that it is raining / Despite the heavy rain,
those children are still playing soccer excitedly.
11. 据我所知，哪位作家从未写过情书。（as far as）
As far as I know, the author has never written a love letter.
12. 我们能拿下这场比赛靠的是运气而不是实力。（rather than）
That we could win the match depended on luck rather than
strength.
13. 你一旦作出承诺，就一定不能使大家失望。（once）
Once you have made a promise, you mustn’t make anyone
disappointed.
14. 看到家乡的巨变，我几乎不相信自己的眼睛了。（Hardly）
Hardly could I believe my eyes when I saw the great changes
in my hometown.
15. 我尽管学习英语多年，写起新来还是感到吃力。（difficulty）
Although I have learnt English for many years, I still have
difficultly in writing letters.
16. 政府注意到了旅游对该地区自然环境的影响。（effect）
The government has noticed that the effect of tourism on the
environment in this area.
17. 学校决定为退休教师举行一场茶话会。（honor）
The school decided to hold a tea party in honor of the retired
teachers.
18. 来实在生物课上做的实验给我们留下了难忘的印像。（impression）
The experiment done in the biology class by the teacher
left/made
an unforgettable impression on us.
19. 为弟弟树立榜样，他下定决心改掉恶习。（mind）
To set a good example for his younger brother, he has made
up his mind to get rid of his bad habits.
20. 很遗憾我错过了一场精彩的拳击比赛。（pity）
It is a pity that I have missed a wonderful boxing match.
21. 新体操房占地200平方米，是原先的三倍大。（size）
The new gymnasium covers an area of 200 square meters,
which is three times the size of original one.
22. 消息传来，姐妹学校师生将推迟来访我校。（word）
Word came that teachers and students from the sister school
will put
off their visit to our school.
23. 对是否取消学生回家作业老师们意见分歧。（opinion）
The teachers hold different opinions on whether to cancel
the students\' homework.
24. 阅读习惯因人而异。（vary）
Reading habits vary from person to person.
25. 如你能在韩国帮我买到他的新专辑，我将感激不尽。（appreciate）
I would appreciate it very much, if you could buy his new
album for me in Korea.
26. 缺乏合作是他们错失良机。（cost）
Lack of cooperation cost them the good chance.
27. 他忘了通知团员们写电影的观后感了。（inform）
He forgot to inform the League Members writing about how
they feel after seeing the movie.
28. 比起过去，我们现在仿佛生活在天堂。（compare）
Compared with the past, it seems as if we were living in
heaven.
29. 我老是把可乐当成葡萄酒。（mistake）
I always mistake Coke for wine.
30. 你应尽可能花时间阅读原著。（spend）
You should spend as much time possible (you can) in reading
original works.
31. 每一项科学发明都是大量实验的结果。（result）
Every scientific invention is the result of a lot of experiments.
32. 应该鼓励学生将课堂所学与实践相结合。（encourage)
Students should be encouraged to combine what they have
learnt in class with practice.
33. 据报道，市中心的几条主要马路正在拓宽中。（It is reported
that）
It is reported that several main downtown roads are being
widened.
34. 今年流行的东西明年就可能会被人遗忘。（likely）
What is popular/in fashion this year is likely to be forgotten
next year.
35. 写英语作文时最好用你熟悉的句型。（familiar）
You had better/ It is better to use sentence patterns that you
are familiar with when you write English compositions.
36. 所有在场的人无不为英雄的汇报而感动。（present）
All the people present were moved by the report of the hero
without exception.
37. 老师对我们带社区的表现感到满意。（satisfied） The
teachers were satisfied with our performance in the community.
38. 他至今不明白自己合理的请求会遭拒绝。（turn down） To
this day ,he still can\'t understand why his reasonable request
should be turned down yet.
39. 他忍受不了与喋喋不休的人合作。（stand） He can\'t stand
cooperating with those who are always talking.
40. 你应为你犯的错误向布朗夫妇道歉。（apologize） You
should apologize to the for the mistake you
have made.
41. 他是在大学里养成熬夜的习惯的。（it is） It was (when he
was) in university that he formed the habit of staying up all night.
42. 手术后很少见他抽烟。（） Seldom is he seen to
smoke after his operation.
43. 除非你加强锻炼，否则你的体重还会增加的。（otherw
ise） Unless you do more exercise, otherwise you will put on
more weight.
44. 人们普遍认为买车不贵养车贵。（it） It is generally
believed that it doesn’t cost much to buy a car, but to maintain
one is expensive.
45. 听说中国不久就有女航天员了。(before) It is said that it
won\'t be long before China has women astronauts
46. 据说他的余生是在法国度过的。（it） It is said that the rest
of his life was spent in France.
47. 他知道三十几岁才开始独立生活。（until） He didn\'t begin
to make a living on his own until his thirties .
48. 请仔细考虑再决定怎么做。（before） Please think it over
before you decide what to do./how to do it.
49. 王先生四十几岁时才第一次出国。（it）
50. It was in his forties that went abroad for the first
time.
51. 你最好抓紧时间，否则你要错过末班车。（or） You\'d better
hurry, or you\'ll miss the last bus.
52. 医院附近不该有太多的嘈杂声。（there） There shouldn\'t
be too much noise near a hospital.
53. 得知自己进入决赛，他兴奋地睡不着觉。（so...that）
Knowing that he had entered the final, he was so excited that he
couldn’t fall asleep.
54. 除非你改进你的学习习惯，否则你不可能在物理上取得进步。（unless） Unless you improve your study habits, you can\'t make
progress in physics.
55. 生存环境遭到破坏，致使动物数量急剧下降。（which）
Living environment has been damaged, which causes the animal
population to decline dramatically./ , which results in the sharp
decide in the number of animals.
56. 据报道，那家工厂又失火了。（it） It is reported that
another fire broke out in that factory.
57. 很明显，他们离目的地越来越远了。（it） It is obvious that
they are farther and farther away from their destination.
58. 令父母担心的是，她决定不吃早饭了。（） What
worried her parents was that she had decided to skip breakfast.
59. 如果你不是很急，我建议你还是乘火车去。（unless）
Unless you are not in a hurry, I suggest you going there by train.
60. 他谦虚地说他所做的不足挂齿。（worth） He said
modestly that what he had done was not worth mentioning.
61. 事过多年，人们逐渐承认那位科学家的生物发现。（before）
It was many years before people came to admit the scientist\'s
discovery in biology.
62. 他去法国后就一直杳无音讯。（Never） Never has anyone
heard from him after he went to France.
63. 知道我读了这本书之后才对香港的历史有了更多的了解。（Not） Not until I read the book did I know more about the
history of Hong Kong.
64. 我们一直认为，不努力将一事无成。（without） We always
think
that nothing will be achieved without efforts.
65. 乘车时给老人让座是好习惯。（it） It is good manners to
offer a seat to the old on a bus.
66. 不久我们会再见面的。（before） It won\'t be long before
we meet again.
67. 使我们大为失望的是，由于下雨我们的野餐不得不被推迟。（What）
What disappointed us a lot was that our picnic had to be put
off because of/due to the rain.
英语翻译重点词汇
fellow countrymen 同胞militarist 军阀Chinese Communist
Party 党组织the Grand
Canal （京杭）大运河Industrial Revolution 工业革命dawn to
dark 从早到晚
especially English 具有英国特征的cottage industry 农村手工业
Indian summer 最后的余辉stock-raising 畜牧业Homestead
Act 宅地法
wild west 西部荒原the gold rush 淘金热basic occupation 基础产业
Department of Agriculture 农业部门the Nile Delta 尼罗河三角洲
coastal erosion 水土流失Mediterranean climate 地中海型气候
surveyor general 测量总监sovereign nation 主权国家aggregate output 总产量
coastal area 沿海地区telephone connections 电话用户economic well-being 生活水
平two way trade 双向贸易lucrative export market 出口市场
foreign exchange 外汇sum total 总数per capita 人均
GNP 国民生产总值joint ventures 合资企业net income 净收入
world investment system 世界投资体系the stock of foreign
investment 外资存量
英语翻译重点词汇（２）
major economy 经济大国the stimulus, the technology and
the funding 动力、技术和
资金international trade and investment 国际贸易和投资
popular science 科普读物Arctic seas 北冰洋vegetable oil 植物油
mineral oil 煤油internal combustion engine 内燃机
warfare on land and sea 陆战和海战minute sea creatures and
plants 微小的海洋动
植物crude oil 原油sedimentary rocks 沉积岩pitch lake 沥青湖
superhighway 高速公路living organism 生物体applied
entomology 应用昆虫学
environmental Law 环保法wildlife 野生生物
freedom from noise pollution 无噪声污染
Act 法amendment 修正案bill 议案hearing 听证会lobby 院外活动集团
universal copyright convention 世界版权公约a system of
copyright protection 版
权保护制度Contracting States 成员国Director-General 总干事
mean temperature 平均温度
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China’s “most important historical sites” 全国重点保护文物the cultural
relics 文物mutual prosperity 相互繁荣international trade 世界贸易
bilateral trade 双边贸易relationships 贸易与金融关
economic performance/reform 经济改革economic course 经济道路
employment 就业food production 食品加工heavy industries
重工业
financial services sector 金融
服务foreign exchange dealing 外汇交易
the international community 国际社会foreign funds 外国资金
domestic competition 国内竞争multilateral disciplines 多边规定
a part-time river 季节性河流oil-burning lamps 油灯
science of biological control 生物控制学
commercial and financial
New areas of thought 新的思维空间a warm-blooded animal
恒温
动物grant a license 颁发许可证strip mining 露天采矿
offshore oil drilling 近海石油钻探waste disposal 废物处理
national life 国民生计enacting legislation 立法
remaining open land 尚未开发的土地a system of copyright
protection 版
权保护制度
policies of reform and opening to the outside world 改革开放政策
national lives 人民生活national security policies 国家安全政策
中翻英流派school 文学家man of letters 文学界literary circle
欺世盗名glory-seeking 新民主主义New Democracy
五四运动The May 4th Movement 反帝国主义运动anti-imperialist movement
反封建运动anti-feudal movement 辛亥革命the Revolution of
1911
初步共产主义思想rudiments of communist ideology
六三运动June 3rd Movement 文化革命the cultural revolution
小资产阶级和资产阶级知识分子petty-bourgeois and
bourgeois intellectuals in the
cities 市民阶级the urban intelligentsia
五卅运动May 30th Movement in 1925 北伐战争the Northern
Expedition
北洋军阀政府the Northern Warlord government 右翼right
wing
民族危机national crisis 巴黎和会the Paris Peace Conference
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故宫博物馆the Imperial Palace/ the Palace Museum
故宫Old Palace 天安门Tian An Men Gate
太庙The Imperial Ancestral Temple 中山公园the Sun Yat-Sen
Park
砖木结构wood and brick 太和殿the Hall of Supreme Harmony
午门the Meridian Gate 外朝the Outer Palace
英语翻译重点词汇（３）
内廷the Inner Court 金水桥the Golden Water Bridge 太和门the Gate of Supreme Harmony
中和殿the Hall of Complete Harmony 保和殿the Hall of
Preserving Harmony
御花园the imperial garden 白塔the White Dagoba
琉璃瓦glazed tiles 粮食自给率self-sufficiency rate of grain
净进口量net import rate 消费量consumption quantity
农业自然资源Natural agricultural resources 生产条件production condition
技术水平technical level 耕地cultivated land 单位面积per unit
area
复种指数the multiple crop index 内陆水域inland waters 水产品aquatic products
集约化intensification 木本植物arbor foodstuffs 知识经济knowledge economy
劳动密集型产业labour intensive industries 贸易与金融关系commercial and financial ties
中国少年儿童出版社China Children Press 儿童文学Children’s
Literature
丝绸之路the Silk Road 井地之蛙a frog at the bottom of a well
落汤鸡like a drowned rate 陆地自然资源land natural
resources
淡水资源freshwater resourc
es 矿产资源mineral resources
大陆岸线mainland coastline 岛屿岸线islands’ coastline
联合国海洋法公约UN Convention on the Law of the Sea
中国海域China’s sea areas 浅海shallow seas
人工养殖aquatic products 沉积盆地sedimentation basin
中国沿海China’s coasts 深水岸线deep-water stretch of coast
可再生能源regenerable energy resources 全球生命支持系统the global bio-support system
全国人民代表大会National People’s Congress 中外合资经营Chinese-Foreign Equity Joint
Ventures 国际经济合作international economic cooperation
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技术交流technological exchange 经济组织economic
organization
外国合营者foreign joint venturer 平等互利的原则the principle
of equality and mutual benefit
and subject 公共利益public interest 有限责任公司limited
liability company
对外经济贸易主管部门State’s competent department in
charge of foreign economic relations
and trade
工商行政管理主管部门the State’s competent department in
charge of industry and commerce
administration 营业执照business license 注册资本registered
capital
合营企业经营期间in its practicing deception 董事会a board of
directors
董事长chairman 企业发展规划the venture’s development
plans
英语翻译重点词汇（４）
生产经营活动方案proposals for production and business
operations
收支预算the budget for revenues and expenditure
利润分配the distribution of profits 审计师the auditors 毛利润gross profit
储备基金reserve fund 净利润net profit 优惠待遇preferential
treatment
所得税the income tax 国家外汇管理机关State agency for
foreign exchange
金融机构financial institution 外汇账户a foreign exchange
account
保险公司insurance company 国际市场world market
有关外汇事宜foreign exchange transactions 个人所得税individual income tax
不可抗力force majeur 基本方针the basic principle
兴修水利infensify water-contral project 科技进步the
development of science
and technology 稻田paddy fields 养鱼业fish culture 养殖aquaculture
生产能力productive capacity 人工草场the artificial grasslands
国际海洋年the International Ocean Year 其他合法权益other
lawful right
开始营业start operations 工业产权industrial capital
总经理general manager 总工程师chief engineer 总会计师treasurer
正副厂长factory manager and deputy manager 享受优惠待遇
enjoy preferential
treatment
英语翻译重点词汇（5）
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Premier 总理financial deficit 财务赤字arbitration agency 仲裁机构
regional autonomy 地方自治automobile components 汽车部件
ASEAN 东盟(东南亚国家联盟)natural enemies of insects 昆虫的天敌
consumer good
s 消费品footbridge 天桥
Keen interest 浓厚的兴趣subtropical plant 亚热带植物
social security system 社会保障制度pension fund 养老金
regular event 常事municipal government 自治政府
entrepreneurial spirit 进取精神to give something much
thought 仔细想某事
cling to youth 与年轻人呆在一起carriage drawn by the horse
乘马车
Federal Power Commission 联邦电力委员会the Long March
长征
neighboring enviroment 周边环境live on one\'s own life 独立生活
freshly harvested 刚割的marine insurance 海事保险
scarce tactic 吓唬人的办法a far cry from 完全不同
in this respect 在这方面industrial pollution 工业污染
international understanding 国际间的了解prime minister 首
相
sino-American relationship 中美关系stand squarely 端端正正地站着
establish communities 建立村镇mineral deposit 矿藏
flows of capital 资本流动power of nature 自然的力量
the ice was broken 打破了僵局science of biotic controls 生物控制学
domestic legislation 国内立法full diplomtic relations 正式外交关系
natural beauty 自然美more than ten years his junior 比他年轻十几岁
open public domain 开放的公共地带typical masterpiece 具有代表意义的杰作
to imprint on one\'s mind 印在某人的脑海里tentative and
uncertain manner 试探和踌
躇的举止wind and twist 蜿蜒vaguely worded 措词含糊
to and fro 走来走去brightly painted 颜色鲜艳的
英语翻译重点词汇（6）average annual rainfall 平均年降雨量
ravages of time 时间的摧残the flower of one\'s youth 风华正茂
in unison 一致turn one\'s back on 拒绝,冷眼相看
court of appeals 上诉法院
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international affairs 国际事务magnificient dinner 盛大晚宴
full member 正式成员vast size and resources 地大物博
outward investor 对外投资者a kind of invitation 殷勤的邀请
sober-faced 沉静的right to know 知情权
unpublished works 未出版的作品welcoming banquet 欢迎宴会
historically significant experiment 具有历史意义的尝试
in his middle twenties 二十多岁outstanding feature 突出特点
undue absoption in the past 过分地怀念过去resonant voice
洪亮的声音
universal convention 世界公约immeasurable contrast 迥然不同
sucking vigor 汲取力量meticulously dressed 穿着讲究
well-mannered silence 规规矩矩now and again 有时
works of the human kind 人类精神产品scientific exchange 科学交流
it rains cats and dogs 倾盆大雨gleaming eyes 闪光的眼睛
source of power 能源everlastingly 无穷无尽的
property damage 财产损失the birth and death of the day 每一天的诞生和消亡
Sir John 约翰爵士on board ship 在船上
common ground 共同点average height 中等身材in the air 酝酿中
life-giving 赋予生命global economy 全球经济come
and go 霎时即去
market-day 赶集日a narrow swale 狭长的洼地
toast 干杯
英语翻译重点词汇（7）
金字塔Pyramid 中国公民Chinese citizen
维生素vitamin 载人飞船manned airship 生态环境environment
世界贸易组织World Trad Organization 可耕地arable land
\'三个代表\'重要思想Three Represents Important Idea 纬度latitude
郁金香tulip 首相Prime Minister
生产条件production condition 粮食总产量目标total grain
output target
工业产权industrial property rights
别别让让你你的的孩孩子子输输在在起起跑跑线线上上/doc/,
/doc/,
福礼sacrificial meat 国民经济national economy 大陆架continental shelves
和平共处peaceful coexistence 深刻的影响profound impact
交通动脉arteries of communication 平民文学literature for the
common people
熬夜to sit up 民族团结ethnic harmony, ethnic solidarity
各种流尖派的different schools 不合理的制度irrational system
花言巧语flowery language 极西地带far west 经济改革economic reforms
灌溉面积irrigated areas 零工odd jobs 战略任务strategic task
有限责任公司a limited liability company 区域自治regional
autonomy
革命道路revolutionary road 为…打下基础lay foundations for
不良后果negtive effects 生活水平standard of living
沿海城市coastal city 花坛flower bed
不惜力气not sparing oneself 新兴城市the rising town
永久定居permanent settlement 革命知识分子revolutionary
intellectuals
在…的号召下at the call of
英语翻译重点词汇（8）
散文集collection of essays 试工期trial period
排队queue up 浓装艳抹heavy make up
合法手续legal title 客观有利因素favorable objective factors
高等教育higher education 小买卖人a peddler
先进技术advanced technology 民族精神national spirit
测深绳sounding-line 出于自愿和兴趣on one\'s own count, out
of interest
电力生产electrical production 历史遗址historical sites
单位面积产量the yield per unit area 专属经济区exclusive
economic
zones
储备基金reserve fund 统一战线的革命运动the revolutionary
movement of
a united front
文艺节Festival of Arts 完整的古代建筑群complete group of
acient
buildings 世界投资体系world investment system
别别让让你你的的孩孩子子输输在在起起跑跑线线上上/doc/,
/doc/,
旧梦重温going through old dreams
自给自足self-suffiiciency 互不干涉内政non-interference
无言的呼唤wordless cry 多功能机器multi-purpose machine
平均率average rate 月白色的pale green
拉排子车pull a handcart 学术交流academic exchange
五一的下午on the afternoon of May 1st
河流入海口the mouth of the river 无情的relentless
初冬early winter 拉家带口be saddled with big
familiesernment should increase the financing of pure science at
the expense of technology or vice versa often depends on the
issue of
which is seen as the driving force. 句子分析： 第一、句子可以拆分为三段：Whether the Government should increase the
financing of pure science at the expense of technology or vice
versa / often depends on the issue / of which is seen as the
driving force. 第二、句子主干结构是： 1)表示选择意思的从句Whether the Government ...or ...究竟是……还是……作句子的主语，谓语和宾语是depends on the issue 2)of which是宾语the issue的定语从句。 第三、词的处理： increase the financing of pure
science 增加对纯理论科学的经费投入 at the expense of technology
减少对技术经费的投入 the driving force 动力，驱动力量 完整的译文：
75)政府究竟是以减少对技术经费的投入来增加对纯理论科学的经费投入，还是相反，这往往取决于把哪一方看作是驱动力量。
历年考研英语翻译精解
98年 翻译题解：
71) But even more important, it was the farthest that
scientists had been able to looksintosthe past, for what they were
seeing were the patterns and structures that existed 15 billion
years ago. 句子分析： 第一、句子可以拆分为三段：But even more
important, it was the farthest that scientists had been able to
looksintosthe past, / for what they were seeing were the patterns
and structures / that existed 15 billion years ago. 第二、句子主干结构是：主句+ for +原因状语从句。 1)主句是强调句 被强调部分the farthest是后面句子的状语，可以理解为scientists
had been able to look the farthestsintosthe past 2) 引导的原因状语从句是一个系表结构，what they were seeing是从句中的主语，是名词表语the patterns and structures的定语从句。 第三、词的处理： even more important (省略)更为重要的是 the
patterns and structures (宇宙云的)形状和结构 15 billion years ago
150亿年前完整的译文： 71)但更为重要的是，这是科学家们所能观测到的最遥远的过去的景象，因为他们看到的是150亿年前宇宙云的形状和结构。
72) The existence of the giant clouds was virtually required
for the Big Bang, first put forward in the 1920s, to maintain its
reign as the dominant explanation of the cosmos.
句子分析：
第一、句子可以拆分为三段：The existence of the giant clouds
was virtually required for the Big Bang, / first put forward in the
1920s, / to maintain its reign as the dominant explanation of the
cosmos.
第二、句子的主干结构是一个简单句。 1)整体结构是：The
was virtually , 2)first put
forward in the 1920s是过去分词短语作插入语，说明前面的名词the
Big Bang 3)后面的不定式短语是补语。 第三、词
的处理： the giant clouds 巨大的(宇宙)云 virtually 事实上，实际上，实质上 the Big Bang 大爆炸理论 first put forward 首创的，开始提出的 in the 1920s 二十年代 to maintain its reign as 以保持……的地位 explanation of the cosmos 对宇宙(起源论)的解释
完整的译文： 72)巨大的宇宙云的存在，实际上是使二十年代首创的大爆炸论得以保持其宇宙起源论的主导地位所必不可少的。
73) Astrophysicists working with ground-based detectors at
the South Pole and balloon-borne instruments are closing in on
such structures, and may report their findings soon.
句子分析： 第一、句子可以拆分为三段：Astrophysicists
working with ground-based detectors at the South Pole and
balloon-borne instruments / are closing in on such structures, /
and may report their findings soon. 第二、句子主干结构是： 1)主语+并列谓语and 2)分词短语working with ground-based detectors at the South Pole and
balloon-borne instruments是主语的定语。
第三、词的处理： working with 使用，以……为工作手段
ground-based detectors 陆基探测器 the South Pole 南极 balloon-borne instruments 球载仪器 are closing in on 正越来越近
structures 云系 findings 观测结果
完整的译文： 73)天体物理学家使用南极陆基探测器及球载仪器，正越来越近地观测这些云系，也许不久会报告他们的观测结果。
74) If the small hot spots look as expected, that will be a
triumph for yet another scientific idea, a refinement of the Big
Bang called the inflationary universe theory.
句子分析： 第一、句子可以拆分为三段：If the small hot spots
look as expected, / that will be a triumph for yet another scientific
idea, / a refinement of the Big Bang called the inflationary
universe theory. 第二、句子的结构： 1)主干结构是“If引导的条件句，主句”。 2)look as expected是look as they are expected的省略，意思是“看上去和预想的一样”。 3)another scientific idea和后面的短语a refinement of the Big Bang是同位语关系。 4)过去分词短语called the inflationary universe theory作定语，修饰the Big
Bang. 第三、词的处理： the small hot spots 小热点 refinement 更完美，提炼，改进 the inflationary universe theory 宇宙膨胀说(理论)
完整的译文： 74)假如那些小热点看上去同预计的一致，那就意味着又一科学论说的胜利，这种论说即更完美的大爆炸论，亦称宇宙膨胀说。
75) Odd though it sounds, cosmic inflation is a scientifically
plausible consequence of some respected ideas in elementary-particle physics, and many astrophysicists have
been convinced for the better part of a decade that it is true.
句子分析： 第一、句子可以拆分为三段：Odd though it sounds,
/ cosmic inflation is a scientifically plausible consequence of
some respected ideas in elementary-particle physics, / and many
astrophysicists have been convinced for the better part of a
decade that it is true.
第二、句子的结构： 1)主干结构是倒装的让步状语从句+主句。Odd though it sounds = though it sounds odd 2) consequence前后有多重定语。 3) and many astrophysicists have been
convinced为被动结构。 4) that it is true是宾语从句。 第三、词的处理： cosmic inflation 宇宙膨胀说 scientifically plausible
consequence 科学上可信的推论 in elementary-particle physics 基本粒子物理学 convinced 被说服，相信 for the better part of a
decade 七八年来
完整的译文： 75)宇宙膨胀说虽然听似奇特，但它是基本粒子物理学中一些公认的理论在科学上看来可信的推论。许多天体物理学家七八年来一直认为这一论说是正确的。
97年 翻译题解：
71) Actually, it isn\'t, because it assumes that there is an
agreed account of human rights, which is something the world
does not have. 句子分析： 第一、句子可以拆分为三段：Actually, it
isn\'t, because it assumes / that there is an agreed account of
human rights, / which is something the world does not have.第
二、句子主干结构是主从复合句。 1)because引导原因状语从句
2)that引导宾语从句，从句中是存在句结构there is an agreed
account of human rights, 3)which从句的先行词是human rights，something后面是定语从句the world does not have. 第三、词的处理： Actually 事实上 it主语代词，根据上下文意思这种问法，这种说法，isn\'t后面省略的词应该是so或true an agreed account 约定的看法，共同的认识 human rights 人的权利，人权完整的译文： 71)事实并非如此，因为这种问法是以人们对人的权利有共同的认识为基础的，而这种共同认识并不存在。
72) Some philosophers argue that rights exist only within a
social contract, as part of an exchange of duties and entitlements.
句子分析： 第一、句子可以拆分为三段：Some philosophers argue
/ that rights exist only within a social contract, / as part of an
exchange of duties and entitlements.第二、句子的结构： 1)主干结构是主从复合句：Some philosophers 2)that引导的是宾语从句 3)as 是宾语从句中的rights的主语补足语。 第三、词的处理： argue 论证 a social contract 社会契约 as part of 作为(是)……的一部分 entitlements 利益，权利 完整的译文：
72)有些哲学家论证说，权利只存在社会契约中，是责任与利益相交换的一部分。
73) It leads the discussion to extremes at the outset: it invites
you to think that animals should be treated either with the
consideration humans extend to other humans, or with no
consideration at all. 句子分析： 第一、句子可以拆分为三段：It
leads the discussion to extremes at the outset: / it invites you to
think that animals should be treated / either with the
consideration humans extend to other humans, or with no
consideration at all. 第二、句子的结构是： 1)it invites you to think
后面是宾语从句。 2) animals should be treated ,
要么……要么……，是表示选择的方式状语。 3)the
consideration后面的humans extend to other humans是定语。 第三、词的处理： leads ...to extremes 引向极端 at the outset 从一开始 invites you to think 使人们认为 consideration 关切，体谅
humans extend to other humans 人对待人完整的译文： 73)这种说法从一开始就将讨论引向两个极端，它使人们认为应这样对待动物：要么像对人类自身一样关切体谅，要么完全冷漠无情。
74) Arguing from the view that humans are different from
animals in every relevant respect, extremists of this kind think
that animals lie outside the area of moral choice. 句子分析： 第一、句子可以拆分为三段：Arguing from the view that humans are
different from animals in every relevant respect, / extremists of
this kind think / that animals lie outside the area of moral choice.
第二、句子的结构： 1)主干结构是现在分词短语状语，主语+谓语+宾语从句。现在分词短语作状语。 2) the view和后面的从句是同位语关系 3) 引导宾语从句。 第三、词的处理：
Arguing from the view 从……观点看，持……观点
与……不同 in every relevant respect 在各相关方面 extremists 极端主义者，持极端观点的人 lie outside the area of moral choice 不在道德问题范围，与道德取舍无关完整的译文： 74)这类人持极端看法，认为人与动物在各相关方面都不相同，对待动物无须考虑道德问题。
75) When that happens, it is not a mistake: it is mankind\'s
instinct for moral reasoning in action, an instinct that should be
encouraged rather than laughed at. 句子分析： 第一、句子可以拆分为三段：When that happens, it is not a mistake: / it is mankind\'s
instinct for moral reasoning in action, / an instinct that should be
encouraged rather than laughed at. 第二、句子主干结构是两个复合句： 是前一个复合句的时间状语 2)instinct后面的介词短
语for moral reasoning in action是它的定语 是定语从句，修饰先行词an instinct，从句中是被动语态结构，表示选择。 第三、词的处理： that (代词作主语)联系上下文译为这种反应
mankind\'s instinct for moral reasoning 人类道德观念推理的本能 in
action 起作用 rather than 而不完整的译文： 75)这种反应并不错，这是人类用道德观念进行推理的本能在起作用，这种本能应得到鼓励而不应遭到嘲弄。
96年 翻译题解：
71) Some of these causes are completely reasonable results
of social needs. Others are reasonable consequences of particular
advances in science being to some extent self-accelerating. 句子分析： 第一、句子可以拆分为三段：Some of these causes are
completely reasonable results of social needs. / Others are
reasonable consequences of particular advances in science /
being to some extent self-accelerating. 第二、句子的结构： 1)主干结构是对比句 reasonable Others are
reasonable 2) particular advances后面有多重定语in science being to some extent self-accelerating. 第三、词的处理： results of 是……的结果，来自于 social needs 社会需求
to some extent 在一定程度上 self-accelerating 自我加速 完整的译文： 71)在这些原因中，有些完全是自然而然地来自社会需求，另一些则是由于科学在一定程度上自我加速而产生某些特定发展的必然结果。
72) This trend began during the Second World War, when
several governments came to the conclusion that the specific
demands that a government wants to make of its scientific
establishment cannot generally be foreseen in detail. 句子分析：
第一、句子可以拆分为三段：This trend began during the Second
World War, when several governments came to the conclusion /
that the specific demands that a government wants to make of
its scientific establishment / cannot generally be foreseen in
detail. 第二、句子的结构： 1)主干结构是主句+ when引导的时间状语，when = at that time当时，那时。 2)第一个that从句是主句宾语the conclusion的同位语。 3)that a government wants to make
of its scientific establishment是定语从句中的主语从句 4)cannot
generally be foreseen in detail是宾语从句的谓语。第三、词的处理：
trend 趋势 came to the conclusion 得出结论 the specific demands
具体要求 make of 向……提出 scientific establishment 科研机构 in
detail 详尽 完整的译文： 72)这种趋势始于第二次世界大战期间，当时一些国家的政府得出结论：政府向科研机构提出的具体要求通常是无法详尽预见的。
73) Th
is seems mostly effectively done by supporting a certain
amount of research not related to immediate goals but of
possible consequence in the future. 句子分析： 第一、句子可以拆分为三段：This seems mostly effectively done / by supporting a
certain amount of research not related to immediate goals / but
of possible consequence in the future. 第二、句子的结构： 1)主干结构是系词+过去分词+被动宾语：This seems mostly effectively
2)research后面是双重定语not 由此断定related to意思等于of 第三、词的处理： This (主语代词要译出来)这一问题 done 解决 not related to 与……无关 immediate goals
当前目标 possible consequence 可能的影响 完整的译文： 73)给某些与当前目标无关但将来可能产生影响的科研以支持，看来通常能有效地解决这一问题。
74) However, the world is so made that elegant systems are
in principle unable to deal with some of the world\'s more
fascination and delightful aspects. 句子分析： 第一、句子可以拆分为三段：However, the world is so made / that elegant systems are
in principle unable to / deal with some of the world\'s more
fascination and delightful aspects. 第二、句子的结构： 1)主干结构是the world 2) some后面有多重定语of the world\'s
more fascination and delightful aspects.第三、词的处理： elegant
systems (精美的)完美的体系 in principle 一般而言 deal with 解决，处理 aspects 原义是方面，联系上下文译成课题，问题 完整的译文：
74)然而，世界就是如此，完美的体系一般而言是无法解决世界上某些更加引人入胜的课题的。
75) New forms of thought as well as new subjects for thought
must arise in the future as they have in the past, giving rise to
new standards of elegance. 句子分析： 第一、句子可以拆分为三段：New forms of thought as well as new subjects for thought must
arise in the future / as they have in the past, / giving rise to new
standards of elegance. 第二、句子的结构： 1)as well as和，以及，连接两个并列主语，must arise作句子谓语 2)as they have in the
past方式状语，as就像是……，同……一样 3)giving 表示伴随
状语。 第三、词的处理： New forms of thought 新的思维方式 new
subjects for thought 新的思维对象 arise 出现 giving rise to 给出，产生，带来 new standards of elegance 完美的新标准 完整的译文：
75)同过去一样，将来必然会出现新的思维方式和新的思维对象，给完美以新的标准
95年 翻译题解：
71) The target is wrong, for in attacking the tests, critics
divert attention from the
fault that lies with ill-informed or incompetent users. 句子分析：第一、句子可以拆分为三段：The target is wrong, for in
attacking the tests, / critics divert attention from the fault / that
lies with ill-informed or incompetent users. 第二、句子主干结构是：简单句加for引导的原因状语。后面的that引导的是定语从句。第三、词的处理 The target 根据上下文，这里特指标准化测试 divert
attention from 原义是把注意力引开，引申为没有注意到lies with在于ill-informed 不甚了解incompetent users(词性转换)使用不当完整的译文：71)把标准化测试作为抨击的目标是错误的，因为在抨击这类测试时，批评者没有注意到测试的弊病在于使用测试的人对测试不甚了解或使用不当。
72) How well the predictions will be validated by later
performance depends upon the amount, reliability, and
appropriateness of the information used and on the skill and
wisdom with which it is interpreted 句子分析：第一、句子可以拆分为三段：How well the predictions will be validated by later
performance / depends upon the amount, reliability, and
appropriateness of the information used and on the skill and
wisdom / with which it is interpreted 第二、句子主干结构是：
1)引导的被动结构是主语从句，How well是主语从句中的状语前置，depends是句子谓语2)depends后面两个介词短语作并列宾语 3) the information used是名词+定语4)with
which it is interpreted定语从句，先行词是the skill and wisdom，代词it指代the information 第三、词的处理： be validated by
为……所证实 depends upon 取决于 reliability 可靠性
appropriateness 适应性 interpreted 解释 完整的译文： 72)这些测试在多大程度上为后来的表现所证实，这取决于所采用信息的数量、可靠性和适应性，以及解释这些信息的技能和才智。
73) Whether to use tests, other kinds of information, or both
in a particular situation depends, therefore, upon the evidence
from experience concerning comparative validity and upon such
factors as cost and availability. 句子分析： 第一、句子可以拆分为三段：Whether to use tests, other kinds of information, or both in
a particular situation / depends, therefore, upon the evidence
from experience concerning comparative validity / and upon
such factors as cost and availability. 第二、句子主干结构是：Whether , 引导主语从句depends是句子谓语， 是并列结构的双宾语。 第三、词的处理：
, or 是……还是…… both 指代前句的tests, other kinds
of information in a particular situation 在某一特定情况下 therefore
因此 the evidence from experience 经验
依据 concerning 与……有关的 comparative validity 相对效度
such 诸如……等因素 完整的译文： 73)因此，在某一特定情况下，究竟是采用测试还是其他种类的信息，或是两者兼用，须凭有关相对效度的经验依据而定，也取决于诸如费用和有无来源等因素。
74) In general, the tests work most effectively when the
qualities to be measured can be most precisely defined and least
effectively when what is to be measured or predicted can not be
well defined. 句子分析： 第一、句子可以拆分为四段：In general,
the tests work most effectively / when the qualities to be
measured can be most precisely defined / and least effectively /
when what is to be measured or predicted can not be well
defined. 第二、句子的结构： 1)主干结构是一个排比句the tests
work most and least 2)连词when引导的是状语从句，意思是当……的时候，从句中都是被动结构。
3) what is to be measured or predicted是第二个从句的主语。 第三、词的处理： In general 一般的说 work most effectively 最为有效 be most precisely defined 很精确界定 measured 测定 完整的译文： 74)一般的说，当所要测定的特征能很精确界定时，测试最为有效；而当所要测定或预测的东西不能明确地界定时，测试的效果则最差。
75) For example, they do not compensate for gross social
inequality, and thus do not tell how able an underprivileged
youngster might have been had he grown up under more
favorable circumstances. 句子分析： 第一、句子可以拆分为三段：For example, they do not compensate for gross social inequality,
/ and thus do not tell how able an underprivileged youngster
might have been / had he grown up under more favorable
circumstances. 第二、句子的结构： 1)主干结构是并列句they do
not , and thus do 2) how able是表语前置，正常语序是：... youngster might have been how able 3)最后一个句子是虚拟语气句的倒装结构：had he grown up under more
favorable circumstances等于If he had 第三、词的处理： they 指示代词，测试 compensate for 弥补 gross social
inequality 明显的社会不公 and thus 因此 tell 说明 underprivileged
贫困的、物质条件差的 under more favorable circumstances 在较好的环境下 完整的译文： 75)例如，测试并不弥补明显的社会不公，因此它们不能说明一个物质条件差的年轻人，如果在较好的环境下成长的话，会有多大才干。
94年 翻译题解： 71) Science moves forward, they say, not so
much through the insights of great men of genius as because of
more
ordinary things like improved techniques and tool. 句子分析：
第一、句子可以拆分为三段：Science moves forward, they say, /
not so much through the insights of great men of genius / as
because of more ordinary things like improved techniques and
tool. 第二、句子主干结构是：not so as because
of...与其……倒不如…… 因为not as是个并列结构，也就是说so和as后面应该两个词的意思应该相同，所以多义介词through的意思应该等于because of因为，由于。 第三、词的处理： the
insights of great men of genius是后面带定语的名词短语结构，后置定语的顺序应该在汉语翻译中应该倒过来，即从后往前翻译为：天才伟人的真知灼见。 more ordinary things like improved
techniques and tool这是结构是介词like短语做定语修饰中心词more ordinary things，也是先翻译定语，再翻译中心词：像改进了的技术和工具等更为普通的东西。 they say插入语，按照汉语习惯，翻译时放在句首。 完整的译文： 71)他们说，科学的发展与其说源于天才伟人的真知灼见，不如说源于改进了的技术和工具等更为普通的东西。
72) In short, a leader of the new school contends, the
scientific revolution, as we call it, was largely the improvement
and invention and use of a series of instruments that expanded
the reach of science in innumerable direction. 句子分析： 第一、句子可以拆分为三段：In short, a leader of the new school
contends, the scientific revolution, as we call it, / was largely the
improvement and invention and use of a series of instruments /
that expanded the reach of science in innumerable direction.
第二、句子主干结构是： 1)系表结构：the
2) that引导的定语从句，先行词是the improvement
and invention and use of a series of instruments 第三、词的处理：
In short 简而言之 the improvement and invention and use of a
series of instruments (词性转换)一系列器具的改进、发明和使用
expanded the reach of science in innumerable direction 直译：在难以计数的方向扩大了科学的范围 完整的译文： 72)新学派的一位领袖人物坚持说：简而言之，我们所谓的科学革命，主要是指一系列器具的改进、发明和使用，而这些改进、发明和使用使科学发展无所不及。
73) Over the years, tools and technology themselves as a
source of fundamental innovation have largely been ignored by
historians and philosophers of science. 句子分析： 第一、句子可以拆分为三段：Over the years, tools and technology themselves
as a source of fundamental innovation / have largely been
ignored / by historians and philosophers of science. 第二、
句子主干结构是一个简单的被动语态句：tools and
have largely been ignored by ...主语部分有一个themselves反身代词 as a source of fundamental innovation介词
短语做定语 第三、词的处理： Over the years 多年来 philosophers
of science 科学思想家们 完整的译文： 73)工具和技术本身作为根本性创新的源泉多年来在很大程度上被历史学家和科学思想家们忽视了。
74) Galileo\'s greatest glory was that in 1609 he was the first
person to turn the newly invented telescope on the heavens to
prove that the planets revolve around the sun rather than around
the earth. 句子分析： 第一、句子可以拆分为三段：Galileo\'s
greatest glory was / that in 1609 he was the first person to turn
the newly invented telescope on the heavens / to prove that the
planets revolve around the sun rather than around the earth. 第二、句子主干结构是： 1)系表结构Galileo\'s greatest glory
2)不定式短语作定语结构the first person 3)动词+宾语从句作目的状语to 第三、词的处理： turn the newly
invented telescope on the heavens (介词on译成动词)把新发明的望远镜对准天空 rather than 而不是完整的译文： 74)伽利略的最光辉业绩在于他在1609年第一个把新发明的望远镜对准天空，以证实行星是围绕太阳旋转而不是围绕地球旋转的。
75) Whether the Government should increase the financing
of pure science at the expense of technology or vice versa often
depends on the issue of which is seen as the driving force. 句子分析： 第一、句子可以拆分为三段：Whether the Government
should increase the financing of pure science at the expense of
technology or vice versa / often depends on the issue / of which
is seen as the driving force. 第二、句子主干结构是： 1)表示选择意思的从句Whether the Government ...or ...究竟是……还是……作句子的主语，谓语和宾语是depends on the issue 2)of which是宾语the
issue的定语从句。 第三、词的处理： increase the financing of
pure science 增加对纯理论科学的经费投入 at the expense of
technology 减少对技术经费的投入 the driving force 动力，驱动力量 完整的译文： 75)政府究竟是以减少对技术经费的投入来增加对纯理论科学的经费投入，还是相反，这往往取决于把哪一方看作是驱动力量。
英语翻译-英译汉的技巧
真正掌握英译汉的技巧并非易事。这是因为英译汉时会遇到各种各样的困难；首先是英文理解难，这是学习、使用英文的人的共同感觉，由于两国历史、文化、风俗习惯的不同，所以一句英文在英美人看来顺理成章，而在中国人看来却是颠颠倒倒
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