英语综合——精选推荐

2024年3月7日发(作者：宝马x5新能源汽车)

2011年综合：I. 语言学部分（50分）名词解释：Distinctive festures ( in Phonology) &

交流方法（语言教学里）& 会话含义 & 社会方言 & 意义关系简答：① 说说主语-动词一致的三原则②

③ 用树形图让分析he saw her duck为何有歧义④ 分析一段话（关于老师们认为中国学生学英语的语言环境不好之类的）II. 文学部分（50分）名词解释：epic & ballad & stream of conscious & blank verse & imagism简答：① 惠特曼对美国文学的贡献② 你认为狄更斯是维多利亚时期的伟大作家吗③ 为何说弗瑞诺是美国诗歌之父④ 英国浪漫主义分析：sonnet 18 & the old man and the sea & sister Carrie 任选其一III. 翻译部分（50分）英译汉：This is a prevalent misconception in many people’s minds---that love, like

merchandise, can be “stolen”. Numerous states, in fact, have enacted laws

allowing damages for “alienation of affections”. But love is not a commodity; the real thing cannot be bought, sold, traded or

stolen. It is an act of the will, a turning of the emotions, a change in the

climate of the personality. When a husband or wife is “stolen” by another person, that husband or wife

was already ripe for the stealing, was already predisposed toward a new

partner. The “love bandit” was only taking what was waiting to be taken,

what wanted to be taken. We tend to treat persons like goods. We even speak of the children

“belonging” to their parents. But nobody “belongs” to anyone

person belongs to himself, and to God. Children are entrusted to their

parents, and if their parents do not treat them properly, the state has a right

to remove them from their parents’ trusteeship.汉译英：盼头细娃盼过年，大人盼开春。儿时，对于大人的盼是不能理解的，但过年，对于我来说，可是一年的大盼头了。年一过，又盼日子快些流，好流来又一个春节。

在盼中，日子真的流得飞快。转眼上了小学，继而高中，最后大学；盼的欲望更加强烈，盼的内容也越渐丰富了：盼有好成绩毕业、盼有一份好工作、盼事业有成、盼挣钱替父母分忧、盼有一个好爱人……。不知不觉，天天踩着盼的石阶上，自己竟也了一个大男人，一个挣钱养家糊口的忙碌的人了。生活开始变得复杂。然而，无论自己是否变得庸俗，变得伟大，盼头依然天天有：盼信件、盼稿件被采用、盼发资金、盼某事有满意结果，盼一次聚会、一次旅行……人就在盼中找到了依托。没有盼头的日子是苍白不可想象的。人，得天天有点什么盼头，生活才不至于暗淡。有了盼头，会觉得太阳每天都是新的。不管是望梅止渴，还是画饼充饥，它都会激励你不停手中的桨，去追逐哪怕一星微小的火光。土地去掉水份，就成了沙漠；人没了盼头，还剩下什么？小盼头支撑人的一天，大盼头支撑人的一生。人，是绝不能没有盼头的。2010年Part I. Linguistics and Applied Linguistics(50%)1. Define the following linguistic terms: (15 points)distinctive features & connotation & subordination & lexicon & cooperative principle2. In what way is the sentence \"The students complained to everyone that they couldn\'t

understand\" ambiguous? (15 points)3. There is a riddle in English which goes like \"Why is 6 afraid of 7?\" The answer is \"because

789\". What is the basis for this riddle? (10 points)4. What is focus on form? (10 points)Part II. British and American Literature(50%)1. Define the following terms (10 points)

heroic couplet & blank verse & the Imagist Movement & the Lost Generation & the Hemingway

Code Heroes2. Answer the following questions (20 points)1). Why is Chaucer regarded as the forerunner of British Renaissance?2). How did Laurence think about the then prevailing Industrial civilization? Exemplify your

argument with his fiction.3). What are the main features of Dickinson\'s poetry?4). Why can The Great Gatsby be read as the vaporization of American Dream?3. Write a commentary essay within 250 words on ONE of the following (20 points)1). The woods are lovely, dark and deep,But I have promises to keep,And miles to go before sleep,And miles to go before sleep.2). It is from Huckleberry Finn that all modern American Literature comes. (Ernest Hemingway)3). The School for ScandalPart III. Translation(50%)1. Translate the following passage into Chinese (25 points)These days, no matter what our official employment status, we are all temporary workers.

Wwhether we have comventional full-time jobs or are contingent, contact, or freelance workers,

we are all living and working in TempWorld (临时世界). In TempWorld everythins shifts rapidly.

Nothing is forever, everything is temporary: where you work, what you do there, the skills you

use, the people you work the fast-shifting world, there can be no guarantees attached to any particular job. But there is

much that you can do to protect yourself from change and economic upheaval by equipping

yourself with the skills to manage your career more effectively.2. Translate the following passage into English (25 points)翻译是一种信息转递的方式。把一种原来用甲语言表达的信息改用乙语言表达，使不懂乙语言的人也获得同样的信息，这就是翻译。因此，翻译对接受者（听众或读者）的效果，应该与原文对原文接受者的效果基本相同，这是由翻译的根本性质所决定的等效原则。等效原则（principles of equivalent

effect）中的关键因素之一是接受者。接受者是信息的终点：信息只有来源而没有对象，传递就无法完成。然而，在翻译尤其是笔译过程中，译者的目光往往集中在作品本身，而在不同程度上忽视了对接受者的效果。2009年Part One Linguistics1. Define the terms:a. Voicingb. Inflection

c. Phrase structured. Componential analysise. Linguistic determinism2 Is the Chinese sentence 张三背着父亲去上学ambiguous? Translate it into Chinese and state

why or why not （15分）词汇学的内容3 There is a riddle in English which goes like “Why are trees often mistaken for dogs ?” The

answer is “because their bark” What is the basis for this riddle(10分) 词汇学里的homonymy

（跟今年的789貌似如出一辙）4 What do you know for discourse-based language teaching (10分)Part Two: Literature1. Define the termsa. Allegoryb. Elegyc. Romanced. Calvinisme. Gothic novel2. Answer the questionsa. Why is William Blake called a pre-romantic or forerunner of the Romantic poetry of the 19th

century in English literatureb. How many odes did John Keats write in his life? What are they?c. What is the significance of American Puritanism in American literature?d. What is the major theme in Rip Van Winkle by Washington Irving3. Comment on One of the three in at least 200 wordsa. I wonder lonely as a Cloudb. My Last Duchessc. The fall of House of UsherPart Three Translation1. 英翻汉From watching westerners attempting to work in China, I must conclude that Chinese and

westerners are not the same. We and they think differently. Westerners think in prose each

sentence or paragraph following from the preceding. Chinese think in poetry, where context or

settings determines n thinking is linear, moving from goals to strategy to tactics, or from overview to details (or

the reverse). Chinese put everything in a big pot, stir well and serve whatever comes up.

Discussion of philosophical goal may be followed by a question on how same minor component

will be negotiation and other relationships, Americans and Chinese both usually lack sufficient

information and cultural background to communicate well with each other. Chinese businessmen

tend to have business negotiations in rather indirect manner, as opposed to the more direct manner

of American businessman. The Chinese like to take time to learn whether their prospective

business contacts are really reliable (没有生词，看到后心里爽了一大截)2. 汉翻英有人做过这样的语言，如果地球上有一天断了烟，天下可能会大乱。此话可能是危言耸听，

但是烟的危害的严重性是不能低估的抽烟之危害，可谓大矣，而且是全球性的。目前全球有约13亿烟民，其中的6.5亿会因吸烟早逝。在中国吸烟者多达亿万。瘾君子们说，一天饭不吃可以，一个时辰不吸烟可就难熬了。吸烟污染空气，损害健康，使肺癌发病率大大增加为了使世界各国人民关注烟草的盛行及预防吸烟导致的疾病和死亡，世界卫生组织成员在1987年创立了世界无烟日，现在，每年的5月31日被定为世界无烟日。2008年Part One Linguistics and Applied Linguistics1. DefinitionAssimilationCo-hyponymHomonymyDiachronicSyllable2. Draw structure trees to present the two meanings of sentences The cop saw the spy with the

binoculars3. State conditions under which the different forms of past tense appear for the following English

wordsa) passed b. heaped c. kicked d. headed e. fitted e. joggedWhat determines whether [t] [d] [id] is used? What distinctive features define each conditioning

environment4. Teachers take different perspectives on a lesson, for example, teacher-centered focus,

curriculum-centered focus, and learner-centered focus. What are your views on such Two Literature5. MCQ1. Chaucer 坎特伯雷故事集2. The earliest popular tragedy of blood and revenge3. not of an age, but of all tine指的是谁4. 1843年，被授予桂冠诗人的是谁5. 勃朗特姐妹的特征中错误的一项 （A unmarried B literature C talented D dying young）6. John Glasworthy 认为典型福赛特的性格特点7. 美国文学的主线8. If nothing once, you nothing lose 的作者9. 美国浪漫主义文学的特征10. 马克吐温的 哈克贝利费恩历险记 被谁认为是美国现代文学的开端6. Briefly answer the questions1. 托马斯格雷 诗歌的特点

2. Hardy的 Wessex Novel 的主题3. 华盛顿欧文 对美国文学发展的贡献4. 艾米丽狄更森的诗歌主题思想和艺术特点7. 爱伦坡的《安娜贝尔李》选段指明作品并写评论。Part Three Translation8. E-CWe can see adumbrated in teenagers our attitudes toward religion, toward the arts and toward

education more clearly than we can by looking at ourselves. We are likely to be more indulgent in

looking at ourselves than at them;we smooth over our own exaggeration while we view theirs with

I can see no reason why the simple statistic fact that there are going to be a great many more

tenagers in the next few years should be cause for anything more than the usual alarm.

Unquestionablely they will cause problems, just as we caused problems when we are accustomed

to, more telephones endlessly tied up, more records strewn around the living room floor, more

starry-eyed young lovers, more hard questions to answer.9. C-E园子里的盛事，

是每年第一次吃园子里的蔬菜，如果现在的说法应该叫吃“鲜”。奶奶总是要尽量等到家里人都到齐的时候，她为每一个人夹菜，最后才是她自己。津津有味地吃下这一口，她会说：“又吃到新豆角了”或者“又吃到新黄瓜了”然后说今年的豆角比去年的香，或今年的黄瓜比去年的水。其实未必那样，但奶奶总是那样说，总是那样认为。如果偶尔缺一个人，他都是十二分的遗憾，连续几天都会唠叨，咳，

这孩子今年没吃到第一茬豆角，咳，这孩子没吃到今年第一茬黄瓜……2007年综合APART ONE: LINGUISTICS (90%)I: Define the following terms: (15points) competence & cardinal vowels & concordance & case & systemic functional grammarII. Briefly answer the following questions. (25 points)1. What are the distinctive features of language?2. Why is the distinction between diachronic and synchronic important in linguistics?3. Give two examples to illustrate what is minimal pair and answer why it is important in studying the

speech sounds of a particular language?4. In what processes can a new word or expression be created? Give at least one example for each

process.5. Draw a diagram to illustrate Chomsky\'s Standard . Disambiguate the following sentences. (You may analyze and explain with tree diagrams and/or

English/Chinese translation.) (15 points)1. I saw her duck.

2. 爱上博物馆。IV. How will you interpret the sense relations between the \"different\" animals in the following diagram?

(15 points)

V. In what dimensions could a set of synonyms be discriminated? Try to analyze the following sets of

synonyms. (20 points)1. 与 跟 和 同2. handsome good looking pretty beautifulPART TWO: TEACHING METHODOLOGY (30%)I. Fill in the following blanks (10%)1. _________ stresses the context in which an utterance occurs.2. In the teaching of literature, TG grammar provides a new instrument for _________.3. For the first time, ___________ provides description of phonological systems which aids the

systematic teaching of pronunciation.4. Linguistic research is concerned with ____________ which explains the phenomena of language.5. ________ compared with \"syllabus\", is often used in a broader sense, referring to all the learning

goals, objectives, contents, processes, resources and means of evaluation.6. __________ extends theoretical linguistics in the direction of language learning and teaching.7. _____ is the degree to which a test measures what it is meant to measure.8. D. H. Hymes (1971) proposes __________ as the four components of COMMUNICATIVE

COMPETENCE.9. If a test produces the same or very similar results when given to the same candidates twice in

succession or marked by different people, it is regarded as having high degree of __________.10. The results of ___________ are not easily . Comments (10%)1. Comment on the four types of test (aptitude test, proficiency test, achievement test, and diagnostic

test)2. Comment on the five syllabuses (structural syllabus, situational syllabus, notional-functional syllabus,

communicative syllabus, and fully communicative syllabus)III. Analysis (10%)1. Analyze different attitudes to errors (the structuralist view and post-structuralist view)2. Analyze various linguistic views (traditional grammar, transformation-generative linguistics,

structuralist linguistics, functional linguistics, and the theory of communicative competence)PART THREE: TRANSLATION (30%)I. Translate the following into difference between the pair was, that while the father was violent and a bully, the son had thrice

the nerve and courage of the parent, and could not merely make an attack, but resist it. Finding that

the moment was now come when the contest between him and his father was to be decided, he took

his dinner with perfect coolness and appetite before the engagement began. Old Osborne, on the

contrary, was nervous, and drank much. He floudered in his conversation with the ladies, his neighbors:

George\'s coolness only rendering him more angry. It made him half mad to see the calm way in which

George, flapping his napkin, and with a swaggering bow, opened the door for the ladies to leave the

room; filling himself a glass of wine, smacked it, and looked his father full in the face, as if to say,

\"Gentleman of the Guard, fire first.\"II. Translate the following into English.这个镇的街面不大。十几家铺子、几十户住家紧紧夹着一条青石板街。铺子和铺子是那样的挤密，以至一家煮狗肉，满街闻香气；以至谁家娃儿跌跤碰脱牙、打了碗，街坊邻里心中都有数；以至妹娃家的私房话，年轻夫妇的打情骂俏，都常常被隔壁邻居听了去，传为一镇的秘闻趣事、笑料谈资。偶尔某户人家弟兄内讧，夫妻斗殴，整条街道便会骚动起来，人们往来奔走，相告相劝，如同一河受惊的鸭群，半天不得平息。不是逢圩的日子，街两边的住户还会从各自的阁楼上朝街对面的阁楼搭长竹竿，晾晒一应布物：衣衫裤子，裙子被子。山风吹过，但见通街上空“万国旗”纷纷扬扬，红红绿绿，五花八门。人在下边过，鸡在下边啼，猫狗在下边梭窜，别有一种风情，另成一番景象。综合BPART ONE: WESTERN CULTURE (30%) 此部分已不在考试范围，顾不copy上来了。PART TWO: LITERATURE (60%)I. Fill in the blanks by choosing the best answers from the choices given below (10%) 同上，不再列出。II. Answer the following questions briefly (30%)1. what are features of the neoclassical literature?2. what major contributions did Thomas Hardy make to English literature?3. what are the thematic concerns and the artistic characteristics of Emily Dickenson\'s poetry?III. identify the following, and write a comment on it (20%) Philip Freneau 的 The Wild Honey Suckle 的原文PART THREE: TRANSLATION (60%)I.简述翻译的过程（此题可用中文作答10%）II. Translate the following into Chinese (25%)There are moments in life when you miss someone so much that you just want to pick them from your

dreams and hug them for real. When the door of happiness closes, another opens; but often times we

look so long at the closed door that we don\'t see the one, which has been opened for us. Don\'t go for

looks; they can deceive. Don\'t go for wealth; even that fades away. Go for someone who makes you

smile, because it takes only a smile to make a dark day seem bright. Find the one that makes your

heart smile. Dream what you want to dream; go where you want to go; be what you want to be,

because you have only one life and one chance to do all the things you want to do. May you have

enough happiness to make you sweet, enough trials to make you strong, enough sorrow to keep you

human and enough hope to make you . Translate the following into English (25%)

逢到和旧友谈话，就不知不觉地把话题转到旧事上去，这是我的习惯。我在这上面无意识地会感到一种温暖地慰藉。可是这些旧友一年比一年减少了，本来只是屈指可数的几个，少去一个是无法弥补的。我每当听到一个旧友死去的消息，总要惆怅多时。学校教育给我们的好处不但只是灌输知识，最大的好处恐怕还在给与我们求友的机会上。这好处我到了离学校以后才知道，这几年来更确切地体会到，深悔当时毫不自觉，马马虎虎地过去了。近来每日早晚在路上见到两两三三的携了手或挽了肩膀走着的青年学生，我总艳羡他们有朋友之乐，暗暗地要在心中替他们祝福。2006年【综合课 A】PART ONE: LINGUISTICS

(90%)I: Define the following terms: (15points)loan translation & homonymy & complimentary distribution & phrase structure rules &

spoonerismII. Briefly answer the following questions. (30 points)1. state three reasons for the discrepancy between competence and performance in normal

language users.2. what is rule that underlines the past tense forms of regular verbs in English?3. what word-formation processes are involved in the creation of the italicized forms?i. bird

flu is an epidemic which affects our . he

fathered three children.4. what is the basic lexical relation between the following pairs of words?i. bird, robinii. flower, flouriii. youth, adolescentiv. innocent, guiltyv. leaf as a part of a tree, leaf as a sheet of paper5. determine whether the word painting in each sentence is derivational or inflectional试卷不全，A部分剩下的没有了。【综合课 B】PART ONE: WESTERN CULTURE (30%) 此部分已不在考试范围，顾不copy上来了。PART TWO: LITERATURE (60%)1. define the following terms (10 points) puritanism & beat generation & anti-hero & aestheticism2. Answer the following questions briefly (20 points)

A. what kind of position does Edmund Spenser hold in English literature?B. what is the typical feature of Henry Fielding\'s plays? Name some of the plays he wrote.C. what are the main ideas in \"the Autobiography\" by Benjamin Franklin?D. what did Nathaniel Hawthorne usually write about in his novels? Name some of the best novels he wrote.3. Identify the Following poem and write a comment on it. (15 points) She Dwelt Among the Untrodden Ways4. pick out any one of the following works and write a comment on it (15 points) the Merchant of Venice & Oliver Twist & The Fall of the House of Usher & The Grapes of WrathPART THREE: TRANSLATION (60%)I.翻译为什么要有标准？你认为翻译的标准应该是什么？（此题可用中文作答10%）II. Translate the following into Chinese (25%)This is a prevalent misconception in many people’s minds---that love, like merchandise, can be

“stolen”. Numerous states, in fact, have enacted laws allowing damages for “alienation of

affections”. But love is not a commodity; the real thing cannot be bought, sold, traded or stolen. It

is an act of the will, a turning of the emotions, a change in the climate of the personality. When a husband or wife is “stolen” by another person, that husband or wife was already ripe for

the stealing, was already predisposed toward a new partner. The “love bandit” was only taking

what was waiting to be taken, what wanted to be taken. We tend to treat persons like goods. We even speak of the children “belonging” to their parents.

But nobody “belongs” to anyone person belongs to himself, and to God. Children are

entrusted to their parents, and if their parents do not treat them properly, the state has a right to

remove them from their parents’ . Translate the following into English (25%)战士是不知道灰心与绝望的。他甚至在失败的废墟上，还要堆起破碎的砖石，重建九级宝塔。任何打击都不能击破战士的意志。只有在死的时候他才闭上眼睛。战士是不知道畏缩的。他的脚步很坚定。他看定目标，便一直向前走去。他不怕被绊脚石摔倒，没有一种障碍能使他改变心思。假象绝不能迷住战士的眼睛，支配战士行动的是信仰。他能够忍受一切艰难、痛苦，而达到他所选定的目标。除非他死，人不能使他放弃工作。